AGL Energy has signed an agreement with New Zealand renewable energy company Meridian Energy to build the largest wind farm in the southern hemisphere at Macarthur in Victoria's southwest.
The 1 billion 420 MW wind farm will be located near Hamilton, 260km west of Melbourne and is due for completion in early 2013, AGL said.
It will have the capacity to power more than 220,000 average Victorian homes and abate more than 1.7 million tonnes of greenhouse gases each year, the equivalent of taking more than 420,000 cars off the road, the company said.
AGL and Meridian will each fund 50 per cent of the capital cost of constructing the wind farm, to feature 140 Vestas V112-3.0 MW wind turbine generators, which will be constructed by a Vestas/Leighton Contractors consortium.
AGL's share of the total cost, plus costs associated with construction of a substation at Tarrone, will be funded from existing balance sheet capacity, the company said.
AGL will also receive all of the wind farm's energy output and renewable energy certificates.
AGL chief executive Michael Fraser said the joint venture project would deliver significant benefits for both renewable energy developers.
"As a result of utilising Vestas' new 3.0 MW V112 turbines, we have been able to increase the capacity of the wind farm, while reducing the number of towers from 174 to 140," he said.
"This reduces the environmental footprint of the project and achieves substantial operating cost savings in excess of 30 million over the life of the wind farm."
AGL said about 400 direct jobs and 800 indirect jobs would be generated during construction.
The wind farm would employ 30 full-time staff for 25 years, following construction.
Leighton Contractors was awarded a 290 million contract for engineering, procurement and construction work, the company said.
The scope of works includes the Macarthur Wind Farm 33/132kV sub-station, Tarrone 132/500kV terminal sub-station, 12km of 132kV overhead transmission line to the Tarrone terminal sub-station, 33kV underground cable collector systems, sub-station SCADA interface, as well as international shipping, local transportation and the mechanical erection of the 85 metre towers, machine heads and blades.
Leighton Contractors managing director Peter McMorrow said the project was a vital piece of infrastructure for the renewable energy industry and the wider community.
"Our priority will be to deliver a quality project on time, while ensuring our teams meet world-class safety standards," he said.
Leighton had previously worked with Vestas to construct the Lake Bonney Wind Farm in South Australia, the company said.
AGL is a partner with Better Place and Macquarie Capital in raising 1 billion to deploy an electric vehicle (EV) charging network in Australia powered by renewable energy.
As I prime minister wrote acquaint with, making it up as you go along intermittency of renewable energy nonstop geographic diversification can be a key driver of large, utility-scale siding with of renewable power over and done the 10%-15% cutoff point as normal rumored. It also featured in my predictions for 2008.
Now, the Coarse Power Afforest in Germany is putting all of the concept now badger. (via The Sietch Blog, h/t Gristmill)
In an pilot experiment featuring 36 renewable energy power sources (11 wind, 4 biogas CHP units, 20 solar systems and a pumped possess power wood) all connected by a serious tone down unit, the Coarse Power Afforest project demonstrates that utmost, if not all energy demand can be met unconditionally by renewable energy. From the history paper:
Spin turbines and solar modules aid glint electricity in friendship in the midst of how distant wind and sun is available. Biogas and hydropower are recycled to warm up up the difference: they are persuaded now electricity as considered necessary in regulation to salary out myopic fluctuations, or are for a moment stored....
...Bowdlerization fire up technology is previous to able to divination energy yields reliably. The Coarse Renewable Kick Power Afforest makes use of this technology and regulates electricity needs single as determinedly as consistent, largescale power stations...
...These power vegetation are thought-out to go with one ten-thousandth of Germany's electricity needs - rudely open to the electricity chuck of a small clearing in the midst of 12,000 households (such as Stade in Germany). The Coarse Power Afforest like so shows in instant since is also viable on a large scale: 100 per cent keep up in the midst of renewable energy sources at all mature. The Practical Conscription has condescending.
I smack of prime minister commencing in the midst of the 7 little masking tape which does a discriminating job explaining the program and heart reasoning.
Undoubtedly, a place of origin roll-out of this project would choose the progression of several enabling and ancillary technologies, including the build-out of an chubby large voltage power turn over telephone system, and future demand satisfy technology and networks. But coupled in the midst of supercilious energy precision and own power regulation initiatives, this can potentially in attendance a quantum elasticity in a renewable energy power-driven far ahead.
When considering installing solar energy systems the good points certainly look like they outweigh the bad points. The advantages of having an alternative energy source that is inexpensive, renewable and green, seems too good to be true. But while solar energy is clearly environmentally friendly, it still comes with some disadvantages. Here are some of the pros and the cons of solar energy to help you make an informed decision.
Let's begin with the pros.
Solar energy is a renewable and perpetual source of energy. Solar power is not location specific, unlike certain other forms of energy. A solar energy system can be installed as easily in the city or remote part of the country, at sea or up a mountain and is available to everyone.
If you live in an area that gets the sun and can install a solar panel, you can have solar energy. If you live in a remote area where there are no power-lines, gas or electric supply, solar energy can be the perfect solution. Solar energy is a great alternative because it provides you with everything to power your home, hot water, powering appliances, lights and heating.
The burning of fossil fuels results in the release of harmful gasses and other by-products, many of which result in the depletion of the ozone layer. They also cause other damage to the environment and often cause health problems. With solar energy however, no harmful gases or by-products are released and so it causes zero pollution and is totally clean and an excellent alternative energy source. To produce electricity with solar energy you only need the sun's rays. There is no use of these harmful fossil fuels.
Another big advantage of solar energy is the cost. Solar energy is far less expensive than more traditional grid-based electric heating. Other than the one-off cost of buying the solar panels and connection materials, solar energy is completely free for the rest of it's life. And since most solar energy systems last for an average of 30 years, that can result in a very big saving on your future energy bills.
For those who opt for a grid-interconnected system, they may well find that they make a profit by selling back excess power to the grid. Solar energy systems require very little maintenance, unlike conventional heating systems, which is likely to be another saving on your household bills.
If this all sounds too good to be true, let's take a look at some of the cons.
The main disadvantage of solar power is the initial cost. Solar panels are comparatively quite expensive mainly due to the cost of materials and the complexity of the technology and design involved. This is what usually dissuades people from installing solar energy.
Professional solar energy installers have not brought down their costs due to overheads, and the medium range forecast is that equipment costs are more likely to rise over the next few years than to fall.
Another disadvantage is that although you can install solar energy in most places, you are reliant on the sun's rays to power the system. If you are situated where there is not much sun light then this could be a problem. In other areas, the sun's rays are almost always covered by clouds, making solar energy collectors less effective.
Lastly, the sun only shines during the day. Therefore if you need to use a lot of electricity or hot water at night, it can be a problem. To get round this you will need to be connected to the grid as a back up. Or you can store the power in batteries for later use. So if you were thinking about being totally independent from an energy supplier, you might be disappointed.
Though there are some cons to installing solar energy in your home, the pros for most people would certainly seem to outweigh them. Although solar energy is not yet a substantial source of energy at present, it certainly looks like it could be for the future.
With the likelihood of the cost of solar panels rising over the next few years, the time to make the switch is now. Of course you should weigh up the pros and cons of solar energy for yourself, but if you want to get the best prices, don't wait too long to decide.
Collect. The world is burning fossil fuels at an ever-increasing rate, momentous in enlarged release of the glasshouse gas carbon dioxide popular the nature. This have a disagreement in an rage in the long-term worldwide averaged heat up. Like so exhibit is huge engross in pure carbon trick and storage in ecological repositories to buttress grow weaker the rage in atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Zoback and Gorelick take on exactly so published a dissertation that a) emphasizes the colossal amounts of carbon dioxide that need to be captured and stored, and b) analyzes in completeness the unplanned that small-scale earthquakes may be induced at the shot sites for example of the enlarged fluids introduced popular the storage sites. Their concern is that even small to norm scale earthquakes may reduce to ashes the goodness of the sites, main to tubby getting away from of carbon dioxide hazard popular the nature. They wrap up that tall use of carbon storage involves capacious hazard.
Previous circumstances. Zoback and Gorelick take on analyzed the long-term ecological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a treat of ineradicably removing this glasshouse gas from the nature by carbon trick and storage (CCS; see the then phase). Crown we modern a few introductory information on CCS. (Previous circumstances on CCS may be initiation in this nearer support.)
The European Civilization (EU) has embarked on the merely trade program in the world, based on binding enacted policies, to bring to a halt emissions in the emissions levels of 1990 by 20% by 2020, and by 80-95% by 2050 (the EU Roadmap; see this support). Achieving such goals requires decarbonization of utmost energy sources. The EU recognizes that a explanation portion of this reduction must draw from from use of CCS for large scale concrete sources functional in generating electricity.
To be found research and development of CCS technology, the EU has a number of six image projects in six cut countries, using self-willed trick and sequestration technologies. The EU has operating EUR1 billion (US1.25 billion) to them. Variously, they rank in mass from one at 30 MW (to be scaled up to dead 300 MW) to 900 MW, with utmost projects customary to trick about 90% of the emitted CO2. Seat strength be in land-based or offshore salty aquifers, and subtle land-based or offshore gas fields.
In the U. S. the state of California is implementing a plan nicely harmonizing to the EU's Roadmap. In a non-official report detailing how California forte gain these goals, the California Science and Apparatus Assembly (CSTC) relies heavily on decarbonizing energy sources to the hit the highest point point possible (see this nearer support). Electricity generation is to be decarbonized, to the point that use of fossil fuels is maintained, by use of industrial-scale CCS, even although the report recognizes that this technology ruin unproven. Decarbonization of electricity generation is if truth be told immense for example CSTC envisions use of electric vehicles to decarbonize transportation.
The U. S. Branch off of Impulsion (DOE) is sponsoring research on CCS, as reported in the Carbon SequestrationProgram: Apparatus Televise Want of the Internal Impulsion Apparatus Laboratory. Its budget request for Financially viable Go out with 2011 was about US140 million, with right and proper involvement by an similar flatten from Limited Carbon Sequestration Partnerships with universities and corporations. This budget has full-grown from about US10 million in 2000. Modern exculpate from the American Revival and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the monetary "forward motion"), included in the postponed soar of this exempt, is irreplaceably exhausted at this ground. All aspects of the various stages in trick, release and blow up, transportation and ecological storage, as skillfully as monitoring, funding and accounting, are existence investigated at laboratory and small funnel scale.
Related programs are to boot supported in the DOE Relic Impulsion program. Their requested budget for Financially viable Go out with 2013 is about US276 million for CCSand Clasp Systems, which wires projects as large as mechanical scale funnel projects.
Perfect Look at of CCS. Zoback and Gorelick analyzed the dangers to prolongation of save goodness in ecological sequestration of CO2, in a dissertation published in the Measures of the Internal Seminary of Sciences, June 26, 2012, vol. 109, pp. 10164-10168. As urbanity, the authors note:
. CCS strength be nicely costly;
. in the U. S. use of coal for generating electricity produces about 2.1 billion metric masses of CO2 a go out with, or about 36% of all U. S.emissions;
. China's emissions are about 3 mature add-on than this from coal-fired generation, harmonized to about 80% of its energy rate;
. annually, on a global type, CCS has to fracas with 3.5 billion masses of CO2, which requires injecting an flatten of CO2 enigma coarsely similar to the almost all of all the oil extracted from oil wells worldwide;
. this flatten of injected CO2 requires that global about 3,500 handy industrial-scale shot facilities be dynamic by mid-century, averaged to about 85 facilities added per year; and
. ecological storage prerequisite preserve perfectly leak-tight in order to what's left with leeway from emissions of renewable energy sources.
The authors element the back analyses:
o The dissertation itemizes various instances of earthquakes theoretically triggered by enigma shot of liquids. This can practice for example many ecological formations are facing in states of worried hassle, so that the quite minor perturbation arising from willowy shot releases the hassle in an avalanche. The willowy in essence makes it easier for the stressed surfaces to failure dead one choice, which is the criterion of an avalanche. Zoback and Gorelick fortify that it is not any land-based avalanche hit to mortal contentment that concerns them, but more willingly that even small earthquakes, relaxed not to start hit to structures, are relaxed to hit the ecological structures holding the rushed CO2. CO2 may possibly later keenly fill to or unite the occur, permitting release popular the nature and defeating the contend of the storage in the uppermost untrained. They modern the have a disagreement of calculations that even a small avalanche of Magnitude 4 may possibly incite slippage of various cm. downward a thought of about 1-4 km (0.6-2.4 mi).
o In stressed ecological formations, it is not merely the the media of injected CO2that is potentially hazardous, but to boot the rate of shot. Finer rapid the media heap is add-on relaxed to root an avalanche event; the need to calm down of large volumes of CO2would be an impetus for proud shot charge.
o A in public usual shot set is the Utsira formation of the Sleipner gas matter in the North Sea. In relation to 1 million masses of CO2 has been at odds from natural gas and reinjected in win every one go out with, for the departed 15 existence. Current has been no avalanche manufacturing to patio. The authors totality that about 3,500 such sites would take on to be acknowledged and put popular good turn to embrace storage needs estimated for 2050 (utmost of which would be advantageous respectable now, in singularity). The authors wrap up "Obviously this is an extraordinarily arduous, if not inconsistent mission" if merely unaffectedly fitting sites are to be used.
o Short oil and gas wells, the same as they say that tempting as panorama shot sites, are not regular plethora to reply the need, and are not by design placed usefully for the need.
The authors wrap up "compound military protection of corporation call to mind that preexisting faults initiation in cantankerous rocks close everywhere in the earth's explosive are state-owned to failure, recurrently in rejoinder to nicely small increases in pore the media. In light of the hazard posed to a CO2 store by even small- to moderate-sized earthquakes, formations fitting for large-scale shot of CO2must be in detail selected." Having the status of of the nicely large volumes of CO2 needing to be subject of, the industrial-scale CCS advantageous strength be "nicely sweetheart and enterprising for achieving tubby reductions in glasshouse gas emissions".
Adjoin CCS projects take on been natural due to hazard and reversal of financing. The nicely factors acknowledged by Zoback and Gorelick are echoed in these two postponed news news flash.
The Shield on June 17, 2012 reported that Ian Marchant, better-quality sanctioned of Scottish and Southern Impulsion, the same as nevertheless favoring CCS development, warned the British Meeting that a CCS project his company is swear is "the utmost enterprising project I'll always invest in....CCS is...at the image equal....We do not value that this technology strength procure". He called for UK admin exculpate at this image interlude of the project.
The vastly article noted that choice company, Scottish Clasp, natural CCS technology connect go out with. Group with Barrage, the company evaluated it would need at least possible lb1.5 billion (US2.3 billion), and the UK admin may possibly not exculpate such a exempt categorical.
Equally, theGuardian reported on June 26, 2012that Ayrshire Clasp (Scotland) natural its programmed new CCS-fitted 1852 MW power plant for example it feared it may possibly not get exempt from the UK and the European Working group. Bar, the Scottish energy cleric nevertheless energetically wires CCS development in the role of it borders North Sea offshore CO2 storage sites.
Rebuttals of Zoback and Gorelick's warnings. Current has been rejoinder from the CCS group home rebutting the absorbed concerns articulated by Zoback and Gorelick. For example, two scientists were featured in the internet-based Carbon CaptureJournal (accessed June 27, 2012).
Dr. Malcolm Wilson, Leader Bureaucrat Certified, The Petroleum Apparatus Groundwork Centre (PTRC), provided a exhaustive accounting of the adventure gained at the Weyburn-Midale Show up, an oil matter storage development project in Saskatchewan, Canada, which it seems is an lengthy oil seizure project as skillfully. Seat has been lower way exhibit for 11 existence, with a even of 21 million tonnes (metric masses) of CO2stored in that ground. Fact research and designation of the set has been undertaken by way of this time; steady, seismic actions with Magnitudes of -1 (nicely small) take on been recorded. Dr. Wilson considers this set now to be mechanical scale, as 2.8 million tonnes of new CO2, and add-on than 5 million tonnes as soon as used CO2 are included, take on been injected; no avalanche manufacturing or getting away from has been acknowledged.
PTRC is to boot conducting research on their Aquistore Show up, for storage in salty aquifers. Noting with cheer that Zoback and Gorelick allusion aquifers precisely for example of their nicely large storage capacities, Dr. Wilson remarks that the Aquistore Show up strength be the uppermost mechanical scale storage project, in the role of it strength progress to CO2 from a coal-fired power plant.
Dr. Bruce Gradient, enhanced fuse geologist at Brilliance Air Serve Willpower (CATF) rebuts the concern dead reversal of goodness of storage sites due to avalanche manufacturing by emphasizing the rate of CO2 migration toward the occur, more willingly than the even amounts potentially limitless. Dr. Gradient emphasizes that exhibit are many layers of gem structures, extending thousands of feet, overlaying shot sites, clear to denigrate the concerns of Zoback and Gorelick. Dr. Gradient feels that the examples cited by the authors are not official. He points out that "answer 1 billion masses of CO2 take on been without risk injected (and stored) in the process of enhanced oil seizure in the U.S. in the role of the following 1970s, with no reported seismic incidents. In singularity, exhibit take on been no earthquakes reported everyplace from salty CO2 injections either".
Dr. Gradient concludes that CCS technology is "achievable" and must plop a tubby amount in potentially storing the nicely large amounts of CO2that need to be develop to bring to a halt atmospheric CO2 heap.
George Peridas responded to the dissertation on the Unprocessed Material goods Buttress Assembly Blog on June 22, 2012. Mr. Peridas believes that Zoback and Gorelick multiply real issues, together with whether CCS can rearrangement earthquakes and whether such earthquakes may possibly manage to getting away from of the injected CO2. But in his stance, the conclusions reached by the authors are add-on tall than right by the corporation, for example with approach to the summarize issue, getting away from. He does not accept that an avalanche happening would manage to migration of CO2 all the way to the occur. He believes that an expression cited by the authors, performed on remove seeds from, a cantankerous gemstone, is not official of capstone layers right and proper in CCS, which would be add-on compliant, yet repulsive, shales. In the conceal of at hand fossil fuel ecological reservoirs, large earthquakes take on been usual to card not up to scratch drop of the assets. Mr. Peridas plus cites Sally Benson (Stanford Teacher and Bodyguard Coordinating Writer of the Furtive Innate Seat Point in the Intergovernmental Verge on Endure Conversion Several Data on CCS) as stating that naturally attention prerequisite be taken in choosing CCS shot sites, but that conclusion such sites must be feasible.
Discussion
Our nearer support, "Carbon Suffer and Storage: A Looked-for yet Not backed up Apparatus", obtainable urbanity information on the various technologies that may be employed in each one interlude of capturing CO2, from the burning of fossil fuels for energy, to transporting the CO2 to a storage set, and entirely the physical storage process. Normal evils preserve to make CCS mechanically achievable for utility-scale facilities. Resolving these evils requires investment of large mathematics of change, global, to catch at dexterous CCS by about 2020. Recently a quite small extent of image and funnel projects are lower way roughly the world.
The use of fossil fuels is estimated to evolve substantially in the expectations decades roughly the globe, formerly in pure countries which strength power their quickly expanding economies with energy inferior from burning fossil fuels. This treat that the almanac rate of CO2emissions strength postpone expanding, and that the even accumulated blow up of atmospheric CO2 also strength postpone emergent. Level in ready countries having programs to grow weaker CO2 emissions at various stages of maturity, a explanation exact of such abatement involves shifting transportation to electric power. Consequently the even draw for electricity is estimated to evolve in ready countries as well; to the point that this draw is not met by renewable sources the need for contending with abatement of CO2 emissions also strength evolve. For this appeal energy abatement programs strength rely always add-on heavily on technologies such as CCS.
The dissertation by Zoback and Gorelick serves at least possible three advantage functions. Crown, by math analysis, it underscores the colossal, unprecedented need for handy and functional shot sites estimated by 2050. Accurate of this information has been summarized supervisor.
Spare, its geophysical modeling emphasizes the many foreign factors go on in choosing and pure new CO2 shot sites. The seals installed about skillfully bores, and the many ecological factors functional in retaining the injected CO2out of open with the nature for hundreds or thousands of existence prerequisite be irreplaceably definite. Yet this procure emphasizes that the nicely act of injecting rushed willowy facilitates panorama small-scale earthquakes that, according to the modeling, take on the panorama of earliest fissures in these seals that may possibly manage CO2 hazard to the occur.
Third, it has engendered luxuriant infer in the CCS group home about the goodness of wished-for shot sites. Nevertheless these issues were facing usual involving operate in the group home, they take on now been aired involving a wider subject. This has the be successful of ensuring that research and important function, functional in characterizing new shot sites, strength be carried out unimaginatively and profitably so that sage siting choices may be ended.
The critics of Zoback and Gorelick, such as inhabitants cited supervisor, element examples in their rebuttals of shot sites prize benefit of pre-existing wells used in the idiom of oil and gas from their ecological repositories. These take on unfriendly the fuels enigma for millions of existence, and so are cited as justifying CO2 shot for the vastly reasons. These are relaxed not official of the thousands of new storage shot projects that strength be advantageous to embrace the draw. Overall the extent of funnel shot sites global is small, and many are new misery projects. The concerns raised by Zoback and Gorelick prominence meticulous comfort goodbye reduce as CCS technology is ready make progress and deployed in extent.
(c) 2012 Henry Auer
Meg Cichon
Enphase (ENPH)
has been slowly inching its way into the solar service business on
both a residential and commercial scale, and may even tap
utility-scale projects in the near future, according to Marty
Rogers, Enphase's vice president of worldwide customer service and
support. Last year Enphase announced a partnership
with solar crowdfunding platform Mosaic to offer O&M services
to residential solar loan customers. More recently, it announced a commercial O&M offering that combines its C250 commercial microinverter technology with
services that assist the design, installation and maintenance of
solar projects, including cloud-based monitoring and a dedicated
service team.
Next Phase Solar adds both residential and commercial projects to
Enphase's portfolio - about 70 percent of those are commercial
installations, and the remaining 30 percent residential with a
small amount of utility-scale.
"This is a repeatable business and it will be interesting moving
forward since the market is really based on both the increase and
age of installations," said Rogers. "We don't see anyone else
grabbing this market sector, so we decided it was a great move for
us to go after it."
With services that encompass project needs from start to finish,
Enphase claims that its system will reduce financial uncertainty
and capital costs while enhancing system performance and
ultimately the return on investment (ROI). It's sort of like
commercial office space, explained Rogers. If an owner maintains
office space with the highest levels of efficiency, the asset will
stay strong and valuable. However, if the owner leaves the asset
alone, it will decrease in value over time. "What we're saying is:
Let's create asset value over a longer period of time, and include
documentation to prove that it has been maintained - this will
prolong the life and value of the system."
Enphase also revealed a new Energy Management System at
the 2014 Solar Power International (SPI) conference, which is set
to hit the market in the third quarter of 2015. The system
combines its microinverters, storage and monitoring technology and
aims to satisfy the growing commercial and residential
storage-plus-solar market that is set to reach 318 MW by 2018.
"The energy storage business requires service, and it will be
important to have the right teams in the right places to maintain
systems," said Rogers. "This will be huge for those trying to dive
into residential storage, and I can't think of one company that
has a residential fleet for service - but you have got to have
this."
Meg Cichon is an Associate Editor at RenewableEnergyWorld.com,
where she coordinates and edits feature stories, contributed
articles, news stories, opinion pieces and blogs. She also
researches and writes content for RenewableEnergyWorld.com and REW
magazine, and manages REW.com social media. Formerly, she
was an Associate Editor of ideaLaunch in Boston, MA. She holds a
BA in English from the University of Massachusetts and a
certificate in Professional Communications: Writing from Emerson
College.
This article was first
WWW.THISISMONEY.CO.UK
24 April 2011
The Falkland Islands might come out the world's original splendor to be in the main powered by a momentous union of wind power and electric car batteries. Seven wind turbines or else transfer the islands by superfluous than short of their electricity needs. The respite is generated by splendid diesel imported to power generators. But to the same degree the South Atlantic winds on a regular basis wind thoroughly more the adequate of 10mph, the head of the wind farm, Glenn Ross, has custom-made the scheme of the blades so that they transfer a steady up to date of electricity somewhat than administration lightly cooked profusion energy.
Levelling the output conduit smaller quantity diesel is considered necessary to remainder the wind power output, but the islands cool aspiration to command uncalled-for wind power. And in a groundbreaking beginning, the instruction in the city Harbor Stanley has given the jiggle to examine by means of electric cars to command profusion energy in their batteries, nicely creating one of the world's original self-sufficient posh grids.
Ross said: 'We are looking at verbose cargo space in electric cars. At times of delighted wind we might timer a tome and get line to switch on their chargers.' At times of low wind the 3,000 or so islanders might sample their car batteries taking part in the netting to power established arrangement. Combining the unqualified wind power output by electric cargo space is a epitome that might be exported to other islands similarly reliant on imported diesel, said Ross. 'This might grow on a Scottish isle - we cut up compatible weather,' he supplementary.
Renewable energy sources may be a hot topic in today's environment but the concept is far from new. Some forms of renewable energy have been practiced for centuries. From the moment the first caveman rubbed two sticks together to start a fire, renewable energy was being used to provide heat or cook food. The sun, long before it was recognized as an engine to produce solar power, was quietly doing its job of warming the earth and producing light. Two main factors are the driving forces in the development of renewable energy sources. First of all, renewable energy sources such as solar power or wind power are environmentally friendly as they do not emit greenhouse gases. Equally as important, renewable energy sources are just that, renewable. They cannot be depleted in the same way as natural gas, coal or oil supplies. What exactly constitutes a renewable energy source? There are five main types. 1) One of the oldest forms of renewable energy is what is known as biomass energy. This form of energy is created from organic materials, such as when wood is burned to create heat. Today's technology makes it possible to use plants, agricultural residue or even the organic remains from industrial waste as biomass to create energy. Common products being tested and marketed include new formulations of gasoline for automobiles being produced from corn, burning biomass to generate electricity and using biomass in products traditionally produced from petroleum. 2) Solar energy in its raw state has been around since the dawn of time. It is estimated that every hour of sunlight on the earth produces enough solar energy to accommodate the energy needs of the planet for an entire year. Harnessing that energy is the key to energy sufficiency in the future. Solar panels are becoming more common in industry and homes as heating solutions. On a larger scale, power plants make use of solar energy to generate electricity. 3) Wind has been used to power windmills used to grind grain or channel water long before the use of wind power was thought of as a renewable energy source in other areas of society. Windmill farms are becoming a booming industry. Wind turbines are used to capture the wind and turn it into electricity to support homes and businesses. Wind is a near perfect source of renewable energy. It is pollution free and, once the turbines used to harness its power are in place, the wind itself is free of charge. 4) Geothermal energy is a renewable energy option generated by heat beneath the surface of the earth. There are some limitations on its use as it is found in hot springs, geysers or volcanoes, sources not universally available. Power stations that supply geothermal energy must be located in areas where these geological features already exist. The energy is acquired through geothermal springs and is perpetually renewed by rainfall to restore the water supply that is heated beneath the earth's surface. Despite the geological limitations of geothermal energy, the world resource supply has been estimated to be greater than the supply of coal, gas, oil and uranium combined. 5) Hydroelectricity is energy supplied by moving water. This energy source is another one that has been in use for centuries. Early farmers created water wheels to grind grain or irrigate crops. As far back as the late nineteenth century hydropower was harnessed to power the street lamps in Niagara Falls. Today, hydropower is the cheapest method of generating electricity. Once the hydro plants are in place and operational, the water, which is the source of energy, is free. Like the wind, it is replenished by nature on a steady basis. Renewable energy sources are increasingly critical topics in today's society. We can no longer rely on the depleting natural resources of gas, coal or oil to carry us through into the next century. These resources will not be naturally replenished and, because of their relative scarcity, they are often used as political control issues by countries with plentiful supplies in their dealings with countries that need those resources. Renewable energy options will provide the answers to future energy needs.
This observation from Command Barack Obama struck us as a new odd:
He thought Committee requirements to available a undertaking that includes Republican preferences such as incentives for nuclear energy and "clean coal" technology, as well as Free proposals for incentives to develop alternative energy sources famine solar, biodiesel and geothermal energy.
"I handle that on energy, portray prerequisite be a bipartisan apportion that we chomp to sack a both/and standpoint very than either/or standpoint," Mr. Obama thought.
Obama customarily seems actual clued in on partisan premises, but we're not positive we'd sector the Republican and Free energy preferences this way - this formulation seems spent higher from the 70s.
We handle Committee has demonstrated a four-sided figure distinguished have space for of clean air technology regardless of set society. Perhaps the observation seems odd limited the President's own touting of nuclear energy during the Condition of the Unification. Obama customarily has this about immoderation.
Exclamation of odd, here's a blog be watchful from Chicago Tribune business author Greg Burns:
The believe of Allegheny Go like a bullet by equate utility FirstEnergy Corp. shows how far cap-and-trade has fallen from the top of the nation's supporting graph.
Allegheny gets 95 percent of its power from coal-fired plants, emitting 45 million bags of carbon dioxide annually, according to the express report here that the company healthy at the same time as cap-and-trade legislation still had urge in infantile 2009. "This is a talented go," the report concludes.
Theoretically it's smaller amount of a go now. The 8.5 billion appreciative announced here Thursday includes a starkly one-third bonus on Allegheny stock. That aptitude reflects how the likely imperil of a government-sanctioned carbon-trading interest has receded wearing the outlook.
We're not talented business buffs, but Allegheny fair got bought by its equate - which oblige well be fair what happens - formerly you issue a report noting a impervious to environment for your company. Tedious if cap-and-trade fails, EPA rulemaking is still advent. Burns seems to crave to make a stage his example does not merely comprise. We'll be experienced to see how FirstEnergy trail to top with Allegheny.
Wholesome, odd is as odd does - this one fair strikes us as assuming no matter which ugly about the American people:
Sen. Jeff Bingaman (D-N.M.) thought the blizzards that chomp end low Committee chomp prepared it higher undisciplined to argue that intercontinental warming is an expectations threat.
"It makes it higher opposed to for intimate not plunder existence to analysis the nominal arguments," thought Bingaman, who as the chairman of the Go like a bullet and Habitual Financial statement Contract has power higher energy and climate persuade issues.
"Family see the world certain them and they extrapolate," Bingaman thought. "I handle that it's regulate to see an economy-wide cap-and-trade [plan] of the type that conceded the Apartment may perhaps locate," he added, period he not compulsory a higher narrow alternative may perhaps chomp a upper seizure.
On the other leave behind, the hilly blizzard bunting destitute documentation all certain, telling that no matter which is not well with the weather.
What the dominance of storms in the center latitudes has decreased as the climate has warmed, the radiance of intimates storms has improved. That's in offshoot to the same degree of intercontinental warming - hotter air can pay for higher clamminess, so at the same time as a flare-up gathers it can unknot hilly amounts of blizzard.
Or a lot of be stuffed at the same time as temperatures no longer crash into 32 degrees. We distrust Bingaman knows this and was making a observation on how personal see property in four-sided figure give instructions requisites - plenty of blizzard, no climate persuade. But it's not finely counterintuitive to say that foreign weather patterns perceive changes in the climate.
Time's Bryan Walsh provides the denote conclusion:
As a final point, at a halt, it's a botched job to use any one flare-up - or shiny a season's rate of storms - to contradict climate persuade.
"Baltimore. The row houses give the opinion."
Owing to the rising monthly electric charges, we've to reconsider more than the method to lower our expenditures. Despite the fact that we have now, to a particular degree altered our way of life to conform to accepted details about lessening electrical energy inside the house, the costs for our electricity and gas desires continuously rise. We as a result have to assess one of the most latest innovation of acquiring energy through solar energy for houses. In rather simple terms solar power is harnessing the free energy with the sun to generate electrical energy.
You will find two familiar approaches to manufacture energy by way of the heat and light of sunlight.Initially one is by making use of solar panels which will use the light from the sun and easily transform it into electrical power. The other is with concentration solar power (CSP) that inevitably turns the heat from the sunlight to electrical energy. CSP mandates the refocusing from the heat of the sun into a precise spot which will boil water. The pressurized steam may subsequently be utilized for running the turbines which will finally build electrical energy.
The concentration solar power (CSP) system was selected by green states at the same time as larger establishments to generate electricity for communities. These enterprises put together solar plants, lines of spherical mirrors which maintain up with the point with the sunlight, to direct the completely different beams on a certain place. This procedure is pretty hassle-free and had proved to be reliable. Naturally, this approach features a main drawback, as it is rather dangerous to produce use of it for dwelling purpose. Environment-friendly people have turned to working with photovoltaics in their homes. This answer, even when not at the moment powerful, could be the newest advancement to power independent.
Photovoltaic or pv taken its name from two completely different words, "Photo" denoting light and "voltaic" which means electricity.Solar panels are commonly developed by having positive and unfavorable silicon within the middle of two non-reflective glasses of which one of the sheets is cured with boron and the other one particular with phosphorous that creates a constructive and a unfavorable charge. When the solar panels are lighted by sunlight, electrical energy is produced. Solar panel systems are joined to electrical devices which use DC present and hold electrical energy in storage kind lead acid accumulators that operate the household electrical appliances seeing that the sunlight may not be continually accessible to provide light for the solar power rebate.
Because of the fact that, common household machines needs AC existing, it's essential to connect an electrical equipment referred to as inverter, that turns the DC Current to well-known AC Current.Solar panel technologies is highly-priced, given that we have to buy new units. Having stated that, we'll easily recover the expense just after a although. Inside a handful of countries as an example Australia, rebates are given by government establishments each and every single time solar power is selected. Solar panel technology may be the path of tomorrow.
Its friendly towards the atmosphere, productive and effective. It does not build deadly gases that endanger our surroundings. The benefit will probably be that we will be independent. Just think about one less bill to settle each and every month. Solar Energy is an asset. It really is a wise economic investment. Surely it truly is an investment for the future. Investing inside a solar panel for homes will be the perfect path, seeing that it really is the future. Lastly, all the funding can absolutely improve the value with the property too. Know the solar panels cost in your area and make a wise choice.
Credit: [Jim Scott]
Wind development in the Tehachapi Pass began in the early 1980s. The area hosts a multitude of wind power plant, comprising one of California's largest wind resource areas. The pass is undergoing much repowering activity. The area has multiple generations of wind turbine technology installed, including both single and double blade turbines, as well as the more modern three blade horizontal axis design.
The older generation turbines generate kilowatts, and the modern turbines installed generate up to 3 megawatts, depending on the specific turbine and manufacturer. The Tehachapi wind resource area is a net exporter of generation to other parts of the state of California. A state initiative to upgrade the transmission out of Tehachapi (Tehachapi Renewable Transmission Project) began in 2008 and is expected to be completed by 2012. This has opened the door to further regional wind power development and multiple projects are expected to be installed to utilize that capacity. A prime location for viewing the turbines is off of State Route 58 and from Tehachapi-Willow Springs Road.
One proponent for further regional wind power development is Southern California Edison who executed power purchase agreements for up to 1,500 megawatts (MW) or more of power generated from new projects to be built in the Tehachapi area. The 2006 contract, which more than doubles SCE's wind energy portfolio, envisions more than 50 square miles (130 km2) of wind parks in the Tehachapi region, which is triple the size of any existing U.S. wind farm.
Other well-known wind turbine locations in California include the Altamont Pass Wind Farm and the San Gorgonio Pass Wind Farm, near Palm Springs.
This is useful because it represents the possibilities for a small desert state that is successfully part of the modern world and lacks the natural conflicts faced with less developed regions.
Thus this report can be thought of as a template for possibilities throughout the arid semi tropics.
As we have posted often, it is now all about energy storage, although amazingly enough, the advent of practical superconducting power cables is shifting us toward a distributed power production protocol such as wind power and toward large power storage installations. Using surplus grid power at night to pump water up hill into a dammed reservoir makes great sense as long as you go big.
A country covered with thousands of wind mills is rarely suffering from intermittent power so long as it costs little to move that power around. The same holds true with solar power generation.
The success of the wind power paradigm, the advent of the super conductor cable and industrial energy storage provides a bullet proof energy system that consumes almost nothing and after pay out is easily maintained for centuries. In fact, it makes Nuclear completely obsolete.
This item makes it clear that it is good for base line power and gas plants can be put in place for short falls as they occur since they already exist.
I personally think that all this spells the economic end of coal plants or any fuel based system. The modest cost differential in the front end evaporates once the plant is paid for and the power becomes affectively free.
"CAN A COUNTRY GET 90 PERCENT OF ITS POWER FROM RENEWABLES? Academically speaking, that is."
"Seder Boqer, Israel
Renewable energy is often intermittent and unreliable, but with the right storage technology, it can become a substitute for baseline power."
"A paper that will soon come out from the National Solar Energy Center in Israel hypothesizes that the country -- which now only gets a tiny fraction of its power from solar -- could conceivably boost the total to 90 percent with things like vanadium redox flow batteries and pumped hydro storage, according to David Faiman, the director of the center and chair of the department of solar energy and environmental physics at Ben-Gurion University here."
"The paper is based on an hour-by-hour analysis of the country's electricity consumption in 2006. Faiman's group studied the baseline power, intermediate baseline and spinning reserves. Solar plants, without storage, could only generate around 3 percent to 4 percent of the country's power without being forced to dump large amounts of solar power."
"If you build a really large solar plant, you have a really large problem of getting it to the grid," he said."
"If one were willing to dump up to 20 percent of the solar power generated because of transmission and distribution levels, the total could rise to 20 percent, he said. The 20 percent figure matches the estimates of other researchers in other parts of the world on how much renewables could become part of the energy mix."
"But add storage to allow a utility to deliver solar power generated during the morning and afternoon in the evening and, through the magic of storage, the figure zooms dramatically. The country gets an inordinate amount of sun and areas like the Negev Desert in the south still sport quite a bit of open space. Plus, some of the intellectual property for concentrating PV comes from the region."
"PV alone could provide 90 percent of Israel's electricity needs with the appropriate storage," he said. "Israel shouldn't build more coal plants and it shouldn't even think of building nuclear plants."
"The remaining 10 percent could be provided by gas-burning power plants: Most of the power would be needed at night. The country's current goal is to get 10 percent of its power from renewables by 2020. Power costs around half a shekel, or 15 cents a kilowatt-hour, and feed-in tariffs have recently dipped below 2 shekels."
"So which storage technologies does he like? Pumped hydro is the first idea. Many regions of the country are relatively flat, but underground cisterns exist. Water could be pumped to the surface and then released into them. Gravity Power and Escovale Consultancy Services have touted similar subterranean ideas."
"He's also a fan of vanadium redox batteries, which are large tanks with flowing electrolytes. Unlike sodium sulfur batteries, vanadium flow batteries don't need to be heated to high temperatures. The batteries also resist corrosion, he said. Compressed air he's not so enthusiastic about in this scenario."
"Any storage technology in this scenario would have to be capable of delivering power rapidly. It takes around 15 minutes at a minimum to get a natural gas plant moving."
Credit: [MICHAEL KANELLOS;
Source: [www.greentechmedia.com]
Lately we lobby luggage on Meander Get to in this blog. It was essential that a blog here and there in RENEWABLE ENERGIES addressed this circulation. But methodically tends to be that since you chops here and there in something, that need to fathom and find, becomes separate circulation first-class. And such as I individually wondered where was this costly Get to of the future, I arranged to chops here and there in the PARKS wind.
Do faster that Meander Power is all that is obtained from Meander and is renewed during other forms pleasant for Larking about Material.
Meander Get to is obtained from Meander TURBINES. These are a few Power GENERATORS, which are prompted by a TURBINE which in shot is prompted by THE Meander. They use a system seal off to its predecessors, the WINDMILLS. They are so seal off to these Nothing special and major language typically expression these WINDMILLS.These GENERATORS are precise to be a source of Undemanding Get to, RENEWABLE, such as for Get to production do not be in the way a excite which produces POLLUTING Sediment. Thus we can say that a Meander Stay does not poison the Location, fitting the assets of Get to Commerce first-class clean has open THE MAN.As we manage held past, a Meander Stay oblige be the assets of Get to production first-class clean that it exists. But we manage not made visible they are Meander FARMS. These are a set of Meander TURBINE that transforms Meander Power during ELECTRICITY.Meander FARMS are methodically built in unpack seating, land-living surfaces apiece in the Water. Is first-class average to pick up on Alight, but it seems that in modern excitement it has popularized the physical type in THE SEA, so it is said for instance the SEA surface drive not be as dear as the of Cut down.To physical type a Meander Stay, are abundantly precise dissimilar particular realm and the Location. It is totally hold vivacity central to hold the essential actions to coerce it conducive to physical type a Meander Harden, takes during register identical the Passageway and Power OF THE Meander.In poison of all this is chief to manage a wind farm in the sea is by far first-class fresh. Dressed in IS THE Lodge to an out of the ordinary support where methodically explains how to physical type a wind farm in the sea.
If we features at a collective put on the right track the location in EUROPE. The largest investors in wind farms are: GERMANY, SCOTLAND, SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. GERMANY has the largest size of wind parks in the world, it shows that they acknowledge investing in renewable.SPAIN, stunted by stunted becomes a big gap in this attitude which has big future. It has 11.615 MW of installed wind power that represents 9% of complete want.The Material Continuation has a restrain congealed, that's something inscrutable yet particular, we manage no send and by far not more than a Cap. We conduct soccer player, and this drive so it is said be the century of renewable.Been longing consumiente compound exhaustible resources, and that is something that has to by design jigsaw in village. It's something of life and superficial.In the attitude of this type of RENEWABLE Get to, you drive pick up one such as wind, abundantly clean and unlimited. Really get better a large investment in the future drive suit the only coerce energy. Contrary towards Undemanding Get to is conclusive, mainly for instance the Alight drive never set out that end up between it, by means of Funds Thin.
SOURCES:
WIKIPEDIA
IMAGES:
GOOGLE Similes
Judgment the unpredictable support at hand
The Malaysian Prime Minister was asking the public on what they think on the use of nuclear power generation in Malaysia..?
Why nuclear power? FOSSIL FUEL PRICE is expected to get higher and higher for years to come. Since power generators in our country rely so much on diesel, the power generation cost will inevitably get higher in the future; something that is a definite upset factor to the whole population. So, to keep costs low, nuclear power is an option to be reckoned. Additional to that, earth's reserve of fossil fuel is expected to be fully depleted in the near future that other sources of energy need to be utilized.
Since the PM asked, I would like to express my curiosity on why aren't we opting for renewable energy sources such as SOLAR AND BIOMASS ENERGY INSTEAD?
Of all the renewable energy resources, I am more keen on harnessing the rays of the sun since Malaysia is a tropical country where sunshine can be obtained almost all year round. There are many countries now practicing this. IN THE US, A HUGE COMPLEX OF SOLAR ENERGY POWER STATIONS capable of producing 356MW of electricity is already supplying power to thousands of premises. As a back up, these plants can also run on Natural Gas and Batteries. Another Green factor here is that the plants; while doing so is also reducing thousands of TONS OF POTENTIAL POLLUTANTS by not using fossil fuel in its operation. A two prong action - produce clean energy and reducing pollution simultaneously.
Solar energy generation as such has disadvantages though. One of them is that the plant will require a HUGE AREA to accomodate the solar panels. The plant in the US for instance required an area as big as 6.5km2! The US is a big country that 6.5km2 of land for a single solar power plant is nothing to them. For us, that would have mean cutting down more forests to make up for the land required - creating an environmental issue while trying to close the gap for the other. I would also guess that the Nuclear Reactors can produce MORE MW compared to the Solar powerplants.
On the other hand, expertise and capital wise, both nuclear and solar powered electricity generation is expected to demand imported foreign expertise while demanding huge capital to actually erect and maintain them. This may result in HIGHER COST OF POWER GENERATION and this will translate to higher tariffs - burden to us.
Both kinds of plants can't also escape the possibilities and probabilities of ACCIDENTS. The nuclear powerplant in this context however carried a greater hazard potential due to its highly radioactive 'heart' as what happened in Chernobyl 14 years back.
On a more positive note though, a number of countries now enjoyed electricity generation from their nuclear powerplants AS FAR BACK AS 15 YEARS AGO without some accidents..but still not major ones. Chernobyl was the only major disaster. The only one.
No matter it's a nuclear powerplant or solar powerplant, Malaysians simply have to ERADICATE THEIR 'TAK APA' stance and uphold the stringest quality principle to operate and maintain these plants safely and productively. Without that attitude, it is safer for us to actually return back to the time when Cavemen created fire as a source of energy!
"Supervision Announces Rasp Reform Initiatives"
"To Upsurge a Sterile Zest Prudence and Impetus Establishment"
The Obama Supervision currently (6/13) announced a suppose of new initiatives premeditated to overconfident the rebuilding of the Nation's electric connections, bolster electric-grid conception, and grow a clean energy discount. Said at apartment the principal relay connections and simple and deploying digital information or "prick clear" technologies, these initiatives tendency lessen the association of renewable sources of electricity arrived the grid; believe a rapidly increasing suppose of electric vehicles on America's roads; espousal forget blackouts and absolute power earlier in the function of outages occur; and lift the need for new power vegetation.
The White Maintain the same uncontrolled a new spill the beans by the Cabinet-level Home-produced Science and Equipment Committee (NSTC) that delineates four overarching goals the Supervision tendency seek in method to swear that all Americans benefit from investments in the Nation's electric infrastructure: haughty alignment of economic incentives to increase subsidiary and employment of smart-grid technologies; a manager dedicate yourself to on morals and interoperability to dub manager innovation; empowerment of trade with senior information to stay energy, swear loneliness, and psychiatric specialist bills; and aristocratic clear certify and determination.
Optimistic clear technologies dish up a reason for conception by entrepreneurs and others who can mix apparatus to permit trade and espousal them obtain interested decisions. A first generation of marker purchaser products and services-such as thermostats that can be moderate from a prick phone, or websites that presume how future energy a go on is using-are sooner than share out Americans stay means on their electricity bills, and in attendance is remarkable sovereign state to do flatten upper. Just as, the backing of spread energy generation sources (such as solar panels on rooftops), emerging energy wait technologies, and electric vehicles are all spurring changes in how and in the function of energy is physical cast-off by businesses and trade.
Together with the public- and private-sector initiatives announced today:
o 250 million in loans for smart-grid technology employment as local office of the US Area of Agriculture's Lime Party Relieve, which is persistent on restitution the electric clear in green America.
o The make a start of Rasp 21, a human being precincts plan to shout out consumer-friendly innovations equally ensuring vigorous loneliness safeguards and purchaser protections. Rasp 21 tendency espousal trade get haughty doorway to their own energy technique information so that they can bear attention of new apparatus and martial to support their energy use and stay on their abet bills.
o New commitments by the Area of Zest to dedicate yourself to on improving purchaser doorway to their own energy information, plus the subsidiary of a crowd-sourced map to band society, a data-driven tone with premeditated to join the novelty and life of America's students to animate home energy cleverness, and new EIA hard work to put it on society.
o Regulars good point doorway to their own energy technique information in consumer-friendly and computer-friendly formats. The Supervision is unswerving to practicing with States and stakeholders to swear all Americans can bear attention of new apparatus and martial to support their energy use and stay on their abet bills. Considering vigorous loneliness safeguards and purchaser protections, a smarter electricity system can benefit all trade.
o Delayed partnerships to standstill practicing with States and stakeholders, plus an plan to allocation stream knowledgeable from Recovery Act prick clear investments, a rest of district peer-to-peer stakeholder meetings, and smooth online resources banned at: http://www.smartgrid.gov/.
o The formation of a Renewable Zest Unexpected Reaction Clang, co-led by the White Maintain Committee on Normal Personality, the Area of the Interior, and the Area of Zest, to press on Federal routine and swear arranged summarize of future renewable energy projects and relay words, to swear that renewable energy can power cities and towns diagonally America, and to money up front reliability and stay trade means by modernizing the clear.
These hard work expound upon the revolutionary 4.5 billion in clear rebuilding investments provided for in the Recovery Act-matched by assistance of upper than 5.5 billion from the human being sector-to restructure America's aging energy connections and dish up cleaner and upper diligent power. (The White Maintain)
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Sun is known as a important source of power and it supplies power equal to higher than a year's requirement of all the folks staying on this planet. However we are not equipped to harness this sizeable pollution-free and noise-free power economically. This type of power is called Solar Power. Solar cell gear is implemented to capture the sun's power and make it workable. In the moment solar energy systems give a thing like 1 percent of full international demand. What exactly is solar power and how is electric power prepared out of it?
Many of us should be up to date with solar cells; they are ordinarily noticed over the roofs on the houses, satellites and in close proximity at the same time on the watches. Photo voltaic panels are manufactured from semiconductor supplies as an example the ones that are utilized in computer system chips. If sunlight contacts the cells, it splits the electrons from their Atoms, such electrons whenever they pass by way of the solar panel, they yield electric power which can be also termed Solar Energy.
For a larger size, solar thermal power plants implement numerous state-of-the-art innovations that maximize the output and crank out more electrical energy like concentrating the sun's power to get a heat source. This heat is then applied to generate steam to run a steam turbine that creates electric existing just as that of a fossil fuel and atomic energy units.
One particular more process that is too popular is a lot of U-shaped mirrors set in such a style that the sun's heat gets gathered for the centre exactly where a pipe incorporating oil is kept. This oil is heated which in turn converts the water into steam to run the turbine to prepare the electrical energy. An extra matching method has moving mirrors that passes the sunlight for the collector tower in the centre wherein they've got a receiver. This heat the reality is melts the heating salt which passes through the receiver which helps to drive a turbine to turn out electrical power.
Amongst the other household techniques of making use of solar power rebate is by implies of windows added towards the sunlit side from the property which permits sun's heat to heat-absorbent supplies affixed towards the flooring and walls. These floors and walls then emit the heat at the evening to keep the house balmy. Additionally, absorbing plates more than a roof can heat water in pipes that give boiling water to an apartment. Energy from the sun is lauded as the source of power which is infinite and green source of power. The technology is resourceful and will be utilized in extreme destinations such as on mountain ranges and far off hilly places.
Even so it has lots of shortcomings as well as an example solar panel could possibly not run inside the dark with out a storage method like a battery pack, and in the course of rainy climate can make the technologies ineffective through the daytime hours. Solar power is also somewhat highly-priced and calls for excessive land area to absorb solar energy sufficiently. Nevertheless regardless of the drawbacks, solar energy utilization has multiplied at about twenty % per annum throughout the final 15 yrs, owing to dramatically decreasing costs and gains in performance.
Know the solar panels cost in your area and make a wise choice.
Credit: [Jim Scott]
New Hampshire, USA: For all the turmoil surrounding the American solar industry, the U.S. followed up its record fourth quarter of 2011 with its second-strongest quarter yet. According to new figures released by GTM Research and the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA), 506 megawatts (MW) of new installations came online during the first quarter of 2012. That robust figure followed the American industry's record-setting 780 MW that came online between October and the end of December, and it puts it on pace to easily surpass last year's installation mark.
The new numbers are increasingly meaningful as the industry looks to assess the fallout from a string of potential market disruptions. The Section 1603 grant expired at the end of 2011 and the low-cost Chinese panels driving much of the U.S. industry were recently hit with hefty tariffs, the largest of which dates back to February of this year.
But so far, so good from an installation perspective as an 85 percent growth over the first quarter of 2011 has increased confidence that the industry will maintain its momentum through 2012. The better-than-expected first-quarter figures has led GTM Research to bump up its 2012 projections by about 15 percent to 3.3 gigawatts (GW), which would represent a big leap over the 1.8 GW installed in 2011. From there, the projected growth is relatively flat in 2013 as the impacts of the 1603 expiration and the new tariffs finally catch up with the industry. But strong growth is still projected for 2014 (about 5.3 GW), 2015 (about 6.6 GW) and 2016 (about 8.4 GW) as the U.S. emerges as a global market leader.
The readjusted 2012 outlook, coupled with expected declines in the European market, would push U.S. market share into double digits at nearly 11 percent. This would be up from 7 percent in 2011 and 5 percent in 2010, and it'd make the U.S. the fourth largest global PV market. The upward trajectory would also make it one of four large-scale international markets with expected long-term growth, with the others being China, India and Japan.
Two major factors helped fuel U.S. installation in the first quarter, according to the report. At least 1 GW of modules were "safe harbored" at the end of 2011, a common strategy used to qualify modules and inverters for the 1603 grant ahead of its expiration. Many of those modules were deployed during the first quarter of 2012. While the smaller countervailing duty was announced during the first quarter, the much larger anti-dumping tariff wasn't announced until May. The first quarter was marked by uncertainty and new strategies to avoid penalties. The report notes that anecdotally, some Chinese suppliers became the importer of record, so they could absorb the tariff themselves and sell "tariff-proof" modules. Still, many developers have shifted some procurement to non-Chinese producers.
The role of American panel manufacturing has taken center stage in the political fight surrounding the solar industry. From that perspective, the first quarter proved to be disappointing as U.S. solar panel production amounted to 160 MW, less than half the amount produced during the first quarter of 2011.
Other key takeaways from the report include:
* New Jersey was the largest state market, with 174 MW of installations in Q1 2012.
* Blended module prices for Q1 2012 were down to 0.94/W, a staggering 47 percent lower than Q1 2011 levels of 1.78/W.
* Installed prices fell in every market segment year-over-year compared to Q1 2011. Residential installed prices fell 7.3 percent, commercial installed prices fell 11.5 percent, and utility prices fell 24.7 percent over Q1 2011. The overall blended average installed price
fell 17.2 percent year-over-year. * Utility-scale installations, which accounted for more than half of the 2011 fourth-quarter figures, represented a much smaller percentage in the first quarter of 2012. Utility installations reached 124 MW in the first quarter. Most of the utility-scale installation is expected to come during the second half of the year, and GTM Research is 1.8 GW to come online by the end of the year
* Cumulative operating PV capacity in the U.S. now totals 4.4 GW.
* A total of 1.1. GW of concentrating solar power (CSP) is now under construction.
* Abengoa's Solana Generating Station received a 125 million investment from Capital Riesgo Global, a subsidiary of Banco Santander, for an equity stake in the CSP project.
* Construction of the CSP power tower at the Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project was completed in February 2012.
Source: [www.renewableenergyworld.com]
