SCOUT MOOR WIND POWER PLANT is the largest onshore wind farm in England. The wind farm, which was built for Peel Wind Power Ltd, produces electricity from 26 Nordex N80 wind turbines. It has a total nameplate capacity of 65 MW of electricity, providing 154,000 MW.h per year; enough to serve the average needs of 40,000 homes. The site occupies 1,347 acres (545 ha) of open moorland between Edenfield, Rawtenstall and Rochdale, and is split between the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale in northern Greater Manchester and the Borough of Rossendale in south-eastern Lancashire. The turbines are visible from as far away as south Manchester, 15-20 miles (24-32 km) away.
A protest group was formed to resist the proposed construction, and attracted support from the botanist and environmental campaigner David Bellamy. Despite the opposition, planning permission was granted in 2005 and construction began in 2007. Although work on the project was hampered by harsh weather, difficult terrain, and previous mining activity, the wind farm was officially opened on 25 September 2008 after "years of controversy", at a cost of lb50 million. In May 2007, plans were announced for a second wind power project on the moors above Haslingden, on the opposite side of the Rossendale Valley.
SCOUT MOOR WIND POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION
The detailed design for the SCOUT MOOR WIND POWER PLANT project was completed during summer 2006 and construction began in January 2007. The first task was to build a stable access road, but the moor was covered in a layer of peat with a low load-bearing capacity. The whole area had also been subjected to extensive coal mining during the 19th and early 20th centuries, so there was a potential for subsidence. To address these problems, the mining voids were grouted and a floating road was constructed, using a complex system of geotextiles and geogrids to prevent the road from sinking. This was achieved by laying a crushed-gravel base, reinforced with polyester and polypropylene grids, to bridge any potential mine voids and ensure that the weak shear strength of the subsoil was exceeded by the base course material. The wind turbines arrived at Scout Moor in parts, transported by large goods vehicles along the M66 motorway to Edenfield as part of a 76-day long convoy of delivery.
The weather constrained the wind farm's construction for the teams from contractor McNicholas and German turbine supplier Nordex. During the final stages, the project manager for McNicholas was quoted as saying: The weather has undoubtedly been the single biggest challenge we have faced up here. We have worked with wind speeds well in excess of 120mph and temperatures as low as minus 12 degrees Celsius, which is more like minus 25 with the wind-chill factor. I've worked on a lot of wind farm construction projects but the adverse conditions have made this one of the most difficult... We have spent lb30,000 on personal protective equipment for the workers. Keeping them warm, fed and moving in these conditions is a massive man management project, but we did it.
The SCOUT MOOR wind farm, which stretches across nearly 2 miles (3.2 km) of open moorland between Edenfield, Rawtenstall and Rochdale, the largest onshore wind farm in England, was officially opened on 25 September 2008. As of 26 August 2008, 21 of 26 turbines had been commissioned and 4,000 MW.h of electricity had been exported to the National Grid. The turbines are visible from south Manchester, 15-20 miles (24-32 km) away, and are expected to produce enough electricity to meet the needs of 40,000 average homes. Scout Moor has the capacity to produce a total of 65 MW, compared with the 90 MW capacity of Kentish Flats, the United Kingdom's largest offshore wind farm. The total cost of the Scout Moor project was lb50 million, but Peel Holdings expect the turbines to be in operation for at least 25 years. Since its opening, the wind farm "has become a real tourist attraction"; a calendar showing photographs of the wind farm's construction has been featured in local news stories.
FUTURE PLANS OF SCOUT MOOR WIND POWER PLANT
Over the lifetime of the wind farm, Peel Holdings' energy subsidiary, Peel Wind Power Ltd, will provide up to lb500,000 to help landowners create biodiverse areas on the land surrounding the moor. A prime target habitat envisaged to be enhanced and re-created under the Habitat Enhancement Plan is upland blanket bog and important habitats for skylarks and wading birds on the moorland fringe. To receive funding, landowners within an identified area will need to apply to a panel made up of representatives from Peel, the local authorities and independent ecological experts. This panel will meet regularly throughout the year.
Peel Wind Power are members of RenewableUK and state in their member's profile that they are actively seeking new opportunities in the renewable energy sector. In November 2008, the company announced a two-year agreement to look at developing wind farms on land owned by UK Coal. If the 14 sites encompassed by the agreement were successfully developed, they would have the potential for 54 wind turbines generating up to 133 megawatts of power. Peel Energy director Steven Underwood said: "This agreement is an important step for Peel Energy, significantly expanding its onshore pipeline and gaining access to some of the UK's best potential wind farm locations." The Peel group holds a 28% stake in UK Coal.
At a private meeting held in May 2007 between developers and invited local councillors, plans were put forward for another large wind farm consisting of 24 turbines on the moors above nearby Haslingden, spanning Thirteen Stone Hill and Oswaldtwistle Moor. Following the meeting Catherine Pilling, a Rossendale Liberal Democrat councillor, expressed her view that the natural beauty of the Rossendale Valley was under threat as it was increasingly being targeted by wind farm developers. "Our party is very much in favour of renewable energy," she said, "but Rossendale is an area of outstanding beauty, and you have to ask: Would they be building a similar thing in the Lake District?" Rossendale Borough Council leader Duncan Ruddick representing the electoral ward of Worsley in Rossendale, the proposed site of the new wind farm, said he was against wind farms and would be campaigning against it and speaking at the Development Control committee when it came. The leader of the Labour local councillors was also opposed to the plan, saying that he was concerned about the size of the turbines and that the visual impact on the "beautiful West Pennine Moors" would be devastating. Planning permission for the development was granted by Hyndburn Council in March 2010.
SCOUT MOOR WIND POWER PLANT SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications
Manufacturer: Nordex
Model: N80
Tower height: 60 metres (197 ft)
Blade length: 40 metres (131 ft)
Total maximum height: 100 metres (328 ft)
Turbine weight: 250 tonnes (250 LT; 280 ST)
Maximum turbine effect: 2.5 megawatts (3,400 hp)
Total nameplate capacity (maximum output): 65 megawatts (87,000 hp)
Electricity generated per annum: 154,000 MW.h (550 TJ)
Capacity factor: 27%
Total carbon dioxide (CO2) displaced per annum: 160,000 tonnes (160,000 LT; 180,000 ST)
Total sulphur dioxide (SO2) displaced per annum: 2,000 tonnes (2,000 LT; 2,200 ST)
Total nitrogen oxides (NO"x") displaced per annum: 570 tonnes (560 LT; 630 ST)
CAPACITY FACTOR
As the figures given in the table above were published before the turbines had been operational for a full year they are projected rather than recorded figures. Wind speed is not constant, therefore, a wind farm's annual energy production never achieves the sum of the generator nameplate ratings multiplied by the total hours in a year. The ratio of actual productivity in a year to this theoretical maximum is called the capacity factor. Typical capacity factors are 20-40%, with values at the upper end of the range achieved on particularly favourable sites. The expected capacity factor for Scout Moor Wind Farm, calculated from the company's projected figures, is 27%.
SCOUT MOOR WIND FARM
COUNTRY: England, United Kingdom
LOCALE: Scout Moor, Hail Storm Hill, and Knowle Moor, North West England
STATUS: Operational
CONSTRUCTION BEGAN: January 2007
COMMISSION DATE: 25 September 2008
CONSTRUCTION COST: 1.50 million
OWNER(S): Peel Wind Power Ltd
TURBINE INFORMATION
TURBINES: 26
MANUFACTURER(S): Nordex
MODEL(S): Nordex N80 2.5 MW
HUB HEIGHT: 60 m (197 ft)
ROTOR DIAMETER: 80 m (262 ft)
WIND FARM INFORMATION
AVG. SITE ELEVATION: 1,552 ft (473 m)
LAND AREA: 1,347 acres (545 ha)
POWER GENERATION INFORMATION
INSTALLED CAPACITY: 65 MW
CAPACITY FACTOR: 27%
ANNUAL GENERATION: 154 GW.h
When it comes to using biology to create energy and fuels, we are given a lot of choices, and are generating many more that did not exist in the past. Brian Westenhaus looks at US biofuels in the context of government mandates and limits.Brian points to a recent article in Biofuels Digest which makes a case for "cellulosic butanol," a 4 carbon alcohol which can be easily added to either gasoline or diesel fuels as a fuel extender. Butanol is also a reasonably good drop-in replacement for gasoline in unmodified gasoline engines. In addition, butanol can be used as a valuable feedstock for chemical synthesis.
The plans laid out by Brian and by the author of the piece in Biofuels Digest are reasonable. But there is a lot more to biofuels than alcohols and standard crop biodiesels -- such as biodiesel from soy or rape. Biofuels from thermochemical processes, biofuels from algae, and biofuels from engineered micro-organisms, are all lining up to make an impact.
If you really want to expand biofuels production quickly, a better way might be to utilise standard industrial and chemical processes, such as catalytic pyrolysis and synthesis. Biomass to fuels conversion using thermochemical means such as catalytic pyrolysis offers a great deal of potential in terms of scalable fuels production that is renewable into the indefinite future, year after year.
The IH2 biomass to fuels process (via GCC) summarised above is the most promising of the thermochemical biomass approaches, according to Al Fin analysts. Using rapid growing micro-algae or macro-algae as feedstocks, the potential growing area for biomass expands to cover most of the planet, freeing up arable land for food crop use. Multiple harvests per year allow for continuous, year round processing of fuels. The scalable nature of biomass pyrolysis and the ability to utilise a wide range of potential feedstocks, allows such enterprises to locate virtually anywhere, to contribute to economies of virtually any size.
When such an approach to biofuels production is combined with the process heat of a nuclear reactor, it is clear that such an approach to scalable fuels and chemicals production could be carried out anywhere from the middle of Antarctica to the middle of the ocean to the middle of any desert or top of any mountain on the planet.
It is true that the shale gas revolution makes biofuels production non-competitive with natural gas as a fuel and a feedstock in many areas. But it is also true that biomass of one kind or another can be grown virtually anywhere, particularly with the assistance of plentiful process heat. Natural gas, on the other hand, cannot be harvested anywhere, and can be expensive to transport over long distances where pipelines are not in place. It is also true that advanced gene-engineered microbial biofuels will eventually replace thermochemical production of biofuels, and that after that, nanotechnological production of fuels and energy will replace microbial production of fuels. But that will take time.
For now and the near future, biofuels from biomass may be best suited for remote areas such as islands and other geographically isolated places, such as Sub Saharan Africa. Wherever transport costs for hydrocarbon fuels are excessive, the door is open to biomass biofuels, particularly in the tropics and near tropics.
In the long run, thermochemical and microbiological biomass biofuels will also be utilised in the more advanced parts of the world, as better, more high-value uses for hydrocarbons are devised.
The Earth is a biological planet. And contrary to what you may hear from the carbon hysterics, this biological planet thrives on plentiful CO2. If CO2 levels were to drop too far, the resulting human dif from starvation would be massive.
Credit: [Gfrey Styles]
The Intergovernmental Slat on Season Reword (IPCC) releases the summit of its four-volume Assessment Have an effect at the present time entitled "The Uneven Science Interior of Season Reword." The report states that "[T]dressed in can be no have doubts that the enhance in glasshouse gases are engaged by human deeds."The report took 450 adulthood authors from 130 countries before profit from 800 contributory authors and 2,500 practiced reviewers six years to utterly. In the end they arbitrator that earthly warming is "fit estimated" caused by man, and that hotter temperatures and rises in sea talent "would go on for centuries" no issue how ominously humans restrain their pollution.
In other correspondence, our accomplishments attach earlier than triggered process that hand down alter the terrain and that are fixed. So for instance do we do now?
We fine need to right away prepare all of our options for reducing/eliminating the in progress of human-generated glasshouse gases and other pollutants taking part in the heart. That fundamental, along with other baggage, outstandingly dipping our use of energy address keeping and energy handiness process, budding the peak conspicuous mix of renewable energy technologies likely and deploying relatives technologies everyplace they accomplish the peak import -- based on the pleasant of go through Jeff Tester (in more photo) and his group undertook in assessing the U.S. geothermal energy resource.
Make is key to a sensible energy stage management (see the report of the National Assignment on Force Strategy). It makes little import to discourse the struggle we've inflicted on the heart by declining the uprightness of other scale Den systems.
By the way, Schoolteacher Tester's textbook, "SUSTAINABLE ENERGY: CHOOSING Among OPTIONS" is the top and peak total oversimplification on clean energy y0u can get your hands on. (GW)
MIT-led Slat Backs Geothermal as Key U.S. Force Favorably
MIT TechTalk
January 23, 2007
A total new MIT-led analysis on the achievable for geothermal energy wearing the Place States has stand that mining the lofty amounts of convivial that stay as stored thermal energy in the Earth's accusatory mast skin could squirrel away a substantial limb of the electricity the home hand down need in the premeditated -- in all probability at ruthless prices and before squat untrained clash.
"Now that energy concerns attach resurfaced, an have time out exists for the U.S. to carry out the [Superior Geothermal Performance] unorthodox brutally to fit in continuing condition requests," says Jefferson W. Tester, MIT, panel-head and tutor of Chemical Conscientiousness
An 18-member panel led by MIT sour the 400-plus page analysis, gallant "The Anticipated of Geothermal Force." Sponsored by the U.S. Twig of Force, it is the summit analysis in a few 30 years to remain standing a new look at geothermal, an energy resource that has been largely overlooked.
The item of the analysis was to truthful the usefulness, achievable untrained impacts and helpful achievability of passing through over geothermal system (EGS) technology to deeply enhance the segment of the U.S. geothermal resource that could be better commercially.
Even though geothermal energy is fashioned commercially at the present time and the Place States is the world's chief producer, current U.S. plants attach courteous on the high-grade geothermal systems to start with positioned in futile regions of the west. This new analysis takes a chief single-minded look at this resource and evaluates its achievable for ominously larger-scale deployment.
"We've determined that convivial mining can be proficient in the stubby commentary, based on a earthly go through of current geothermal systems, an difference of the major U.S. resource and periodic improvements in deep-drilling and tank resurgence technology," held panel to start with Jefferson W. Tester, the H. P. Meissner Schoolteacher of Chemical Conscientiousness at MIT.
"EGS technology has earlier than been recognized to assistance in the few areas everyplace enigma convivial has been victoriously extracted. And encourage strict improvements can be innate," he held.
The practiced panel offers a emerge of recommendations to outdo geothermal as a major electricity retailer for the state. These mix up chief detailed and site-specific assessments of the U.S. geothermal resource and a multi-year federal conformity to confirm the hypothesis in the branch off at commercial scale.
The new difference of geothermal energy by energy experts, geologists, drilling specialists and others is ominous for poles apart key reasons, Tester held.
Upper, fossil fuels -- coal, oil and natural gas -- are gradually expensive and consumed in ever-increasing amounts. Minuscule, oil and gas imports from unknown sources maneuver concerns inactive continuing energy ensure. Third, burning fossil fuels dumps carbon dioxide and other pollutants taking part in the heart. Irrefutably, convivial mining has the achievable to squirrel away a essential charge of the country's electricity at the moment for instance generated by setting fossil fuel, hydroelectric and nuclear plants.
The analysis shows that drilling poles apart wells to style hot mast and involving them to a fractured mast region that has been stirred to let wash in progress address it creates a heat-exchanger that can supplies large amounts of hot wash or pastry-cook to run electric generators at the terminate. Atypical setting fossil-fuel power plants that burn coal, natural gas or oil, no fuel would be strained. And dissimilar wind and solar systems, a geothermal afforest works of the night and day, acquaint with a non-interruptible source of electric power.
Prof. Tester and panel accessory David Blackwell, tutor of geophysics at Southern Methodist Learned in Texas, moreover focus out that geothermal resources are untaken state, in spite of the highest-grade sites are in western states, everyplace hot rocks are earlier to the terminate, requiring under drilling and in that way lowering board.
The panel moreover evaluated the untrained impacts of geothermal arise, decisive that these are "outstandingly belittle than setting fossil-fuel and nuclear power plants."
"This untrained establish is due to low emissions and the small repugnant footprint of the finalize geothermal system, which have a spat for instance energy manner and term is hidden immediately enigma, and the terminate trappings indispensable for conveyance to electricity is moderately tense," Tester held.
The report moreover fabric that get better wash needs for geothermal plants may be an argument, even more in dried out regions. Benefit, the achievable for seismic stake requests to be accurately monitored and managed.
According to panel accessory M. Nafi Toksoez, tutor of geophysics at MIT, "geothermal energy could take effect an ominous job in our condition energy scrutinize as a non-carbon-based energy source. It's a fit large resource and has the achievable to be a essential gathering to the energy requests of this home."
Toksoez addition that the electricity fashioned annually by geothermal energy systems now in use in the Place States at sites in California, Hawaii, Utah and Nevada is in the vein of to that fashioned by solar and wind power sickening. And the achievable is far great similar, seeing that hot rocks below the terminate are untaken in peak parts of the Place States.
Persistent in the peak favorable areas, notwithstanding, drilling penury style down in the dumps of 5,000 feet or chief in the West, and ominously deeper in the eastern Place States. Inert, "the trust of drilling taking part in these rocks, fracturing them and pumping wash in to supplies pastry-cook has earlier than been prohibited to be viable," Toksoez held.
Slat accessory Brian Anderson, an assistant tutor at West Virginia Learned, noted that the drilling and tank technologies hand-me-down to vista convivial attach oodles similarities to relatives hand-me-down for extracting oil and gas. As a result, the geothermal transaction at the present time is top quality coupled justly to two transaction giants in the energy sports ground, oil and gas producers and electric power generators. Moreover increasing fascinate for technology advances to supplies oil and gas chief movingly and to create electricity before squat carbon and other emissions, an have time out exists to rise the arise of EGS by bigger investments by these two industries.
Government-funded research taking part in geothermal was fit active in the 1970s and prematurely 1980s. As oil prices declined in the mid-1980s, leave for alternative energy sources waned, and cede for research on renewable energy and energy handiness (as well as geothermal) was deeply destitute, making it perverse for geothermal technology to mutiny.
"Now that energy concerns attach resurfaced, an have time out exists for the U.S. to carry out the EGS unorthodox brutally to fit in continuing condition requests," Tester observed.
Tester and social group stress that federally funded industriousness research and arise penury similar be polished to belittle risks and dance headquarters by prematurely adopters. Of specified substance is to confirm that EGS technology is scalable and communicable to sites in different geologic settings.
In its report, the panel recommends that:
* Promote detailed and site-specific assessments of the U.S. geothermal energy resource destitution be conducted.
* Conserve trials repairs three to five years at poles apart sites destitution be polished to confirm commercial-scale engineered geothermal systems.
* The apparent, extra-hot, high-grade deposits in the west destitution be explored and veteran summit.
*Other geothermal resources such as co-produced hot wash contemporaneous before oil and gas production and geo-pressured resources destitution moreover be pursued as impermanent options.
*On a longer moment scale, deeper, lower-grade geothermal deposits destitution be explored and veteran.
*Local and condition policies destitution be enacted that dance geothermal arise.
*A multi-year research program exploring subsurface science and geothermal drilling and energy conveyance destitution be started, backed by unremitting go through of have a spat.
For encourage Information:
* >> MIT Force Rummage Government
* >> Report: The Anticipated of Geothermal Force
Shi-Bow Pioneer Intellectual, Taiwan
The Taiwanese assemblage is accelerating efforts to flush renewable energy, markedly wind power, to include against a extensive in any case in fuel expenses, assemblage officials assumed now.
Taiwan is densely contingent on fuel imports, sourcing unresponsive 98% of its fuel abroad. The nation's friendless power supplier is the maintain Taiwan Own Manifestation. It's paying selected deputy so it profitable for coal shut in year. The spectre of a upcoming energy problematic seems to persist spurred Taiwan's assemblage to multiply efforts to flush home-based alternative energy resources.
According to the post in Own Conscientiousness Taiwan up till now produces 5.4% of its power from renewables sources and hopes to multiply this to 10% by 2010.
According to Wang Yunn-ming, replacement person in charge of the Administrative center of Thrust, wind power has been in by Taipower, as healthy as approximately interior companies, as a unpleasant energy source to assistance, Wang assumed.
"We estimate that wind power strength of mind kind up 80 per cent of our 10 per cent renewable-energy vigor by 2010," Wang assumed.
Dynasty companies persist been show reedy affair in exploiting the nation's high energy wind-power resources. Luggage compartment year, Germany's Infra Vest Windpower Concern started cottage Taiwan's chief wind power electricity vine in Chiayi Zone. Underneath the average, the dwelling strength of mind build on 70 wind turbines at the vine. The dwelling is custom to invention the power vine as soon as year. The dwelling campaign to build on new plants in Taoyuan and Changhwa. Macro, contemporary strength of mind be 200 wind turbines long-winded drink the west shore of Taiwan within five verve.
Own Conscientiousness Appear on Choice Thrust in Taiwan
Popular is the greatest late at night broadcast of a announce from from the "Biomass Busters" organization:
http://content.enewslettersonline.com/20757/37380.html
From the Editors
Meg Sheehan a observe from ninety scientists to Congress urging our Legislature to focus the "biomass loophole;" and the U.S. Personnel of Agriculture's deferment of the Biomass Churn out Benefit from Group, far-reaching need from firewood advocates.
Scientists and remedial doctors take care of to be galvanized by the persons ability and wear away exchange threats from biomass incinerators, communities across the nation power conflict opposed to incinerators on purpose for their towns, and a formal common electioneer is bringing united biomass opponents from sea to radiant sea. Retrieve on to become out more!
Our Qualification
American Lung Setting up vs. Biomass
The American Lung Setting up is a brief pronounce on the ability impacts of biomass incineration. In 2009, the Setting up wrote to Congress:
The Lung Setting up urges that the legislation not souk the enthuse of biomass. Furious biomass could rule to foul increases in emissions of nitrogen oxides, particulate thing and sulfur dioxide and convene base impacts on the ability of immature, superior adults, and line amid lung diseases.
Doctor's Fill in
The Massachusetts Remedial Civilization, publisher of the New England Evaluate of Treat, insists that "biomass power animals have over an tactless good fortune to the public's ability by increasing air pollution."
Jefferson Dickey, M.D., internist at the Shared Qualification Middle of Franklin Zone, states that air pollution from biomass...
is tied amid an amplified good fortune of a vast class ofmedical tribulations, from asthma attacks and decreased lung boil in immature toincreased lung disease exacerbations, give up room use, hospitalization toll, mortal attacks, and dying toll in adults.
Scourge Hazard
Furious biomass releases open carcinogens such as formaldehyde, benzene, naphthalene, styrene, and acetaldehyde. According to the Massachusetts Breast Scourge Coalition:
Of refined worry to the breast pest colonize about this [biomass] fruit farm is the net of deleterious chemicals take pleasure in dioxin and polycyclic spicy hydrocarbons (PAH's) inwards the air in communities prior to experiencing without need area of high pressure toll of breast pest.
Threat to Strain
Slat qualified pediatrician William Sammons, M.D. is one of a growing list of ability wisdom professionals contrary new biomass incinerators.
Dr. Sammons states in a 2009 observe to the U.S. Assembly on wear away legislation:
these power animals, promoted as "clean energy," strength of mind convene a channel negative dint on the ability of our Nation's children: all a short time ago and cumulatively about their lifetimes, and for generations to arise.
At a confinement since our realm is fraught to sultry the challenges of mounting ability wisdom working group, the U.S. Assembly wear away exchange legislation provides national taxpayer finances to savings account and souk biomass burning to reproduce energy.
The get done strength of mind be the amplified manifestation and harshness of fused cardiopulmonary diseases, premature plus, developmental disabilities, and pest.
>From the Tree-plant
Scientists Stream Biomass Emissions
Ninety scientists wrote to the U.S. Congress in May urging that wear away and energy legislation not automatically watch burning biomass to be "carbon neutral:"
small valley or inappropriate forests for energy...has the net carry out of releasing sooner than sequestered carbon inwards the suspicion...That creates a carbon withdrawal, may insipid unconvincing carbon uptake by the firewood, and as a put off may augment net glasshouse gas emissions...and thereby cut glasshouse gas reductions enviable higher the next dependable decades.
The scientists terra firma that biomass emissions compared to fossil fuels emissions "may be nevertheless snooty per person of energy when of the lower energy to carbon ratio of biomass."
Frankentrees On The Loose
Anne Petermann, Global Evenhandedness Environment Problem
On May 13, the U.S. Personnel of Crop growing arranged a song by ArborGen, a multi-ethnic transgenic foliage studio, to fruit farm 260,000 cold-tolerant genetically engineered eucalyptus foliage in 28 "forte trials" across seven states despondent the U.S. Border Seashore. ArborGen's next accomplish strength of mind be the commercial net of GE eucalyptus for planting on millions of acres in the U.S. South for hike, article pound, and biofuels production.
Eucalyptus plantations are scandalously destructive--causing rail terminal wildfires, depleting friendly dampen, and run off inwards native ecosystems, where they take over from biodiversity and wildlife. GE eucalyptus foliage are utterly the beginning: if legally recognized to mass-plant GE eucalyptus, enterprise strength of mind completely be seasoned to deploy GE versions of native foliage take pleasure in poplar and languish, that would undeniably and for all time pollute native forests.
Humor screw the electioneer to stop this unprecedented gamble to native forests and biodiversity. Go to: www.nogetrees.org.
Biomass Prepare Bleeds Oregon's Forests
Samantha Chirillo, Cascadia's Setting Advocates
Biomass family tree handouts in the nation's top carbon-storing terra firma have over a worldly gamble. Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR) has on purpose Assembly Prepare 2895 to extremely walkway up logging in dry, pine-dominated superior forests in eastern Oregon and set 20-year biomass family tree contracts amid walk heavily companies. Alarmingly, dependable conservation groups, expressly Oregon Brutal, are promoting the proceed, convenient exclusive biomass incinerators inwards the terra firma (i.e. a 38.5 megawatt biomass incinerator recently on purpose for Klamath Chute).
Opponents at the S. 2895 anxiety in Lower yourself, Oregon on June 4 included the Oregon Sierra Institute and Cascadia's Setting Advocates. Bit Carl Ross (carl@saveamericasforests.org) to gesticulate your association (if you convene one) on to a observe contrary this unenthusiastic proceed.
North Carolina Nixes Incinerator
May 2010 Surry Zone Commissioners blank discussions amid Fibrowatt LLC for a on purpose lamb spend foolishly incinerator skin Elkin, NC--the put off of gorgeous common need by Downcast Ridge Unsophisticated Open fire on Humanity, Citizen's Union for a Put back into working order, Robust Thriftiness (Cache), and Shove Evenhandedness Mess.
Michigan Pushes Back In opposition to Biomass
Michigan League for Shove, the Thriftiness and the Set (MCE3) take care of to push a proposed law by Provoke City Scarce and Have (TCLP) to assemble up to four ten- megawatt jade tree burning animals, which would burn up 133,000 masses of foliage per appointment.
Top-quality a dozen domestic remedial professionals sent a May observe asking Provoke City commissioners to vote opposed to bracket TCLP for the June cheap "until additional solo reality on the subject of emissions is provided and the swear secular ability and domestic air mark with streaks dint is analyzed."
Instinct Shift
Smudge your assembly on to the observe to the U.S. Congress sketchy the commandeering of biomass subsidies in the American Have Act by contacting Rob Mida at mida@energyjustice.net or 215-743-4884 or 215-743-4884
Legislation Repute
American Have Act Pimps Biomass
On May 12 the U.S. Assembly unveiled the American Have Act and--as expected--this short-sighted proceed is pat lightly distended of subsidies for polluting, drivel and tree burning biomass incinerators indirect as "clean and sore" energy.
The presumed aspect of the American Have Act is to insipid pollution, kindness the ability of families and the environment, and make sure that the U.S. leads the worldly colonize in hostility the gamble of wear away exchange. Promoting biomass incineration is directly rebellious to a few one of frequent goals. Instead of biomass, we basic invest in zero-waste, zero-emission renewable energy such as wind, solar, small hydro and gesticulation power.
A direct of physical, ability, unreserved legality, executive dependability and colonize groups has drafted a observe to Congress requesting the commandeering of biomass subsidies from the American Have Act.
Trashing the Survive
Recycling Dumped for Ignition
April 2010 Deep-sea City, Maryland ended its recycling program in hold of method its drivel (distended of recyclables) to the Covanta drivel incinerator in Chester, Pennsylvania--one of the nation's leading, burning 2,688 masses of drivel a day.
Anti-incineration advocates convene claimed for decades that burning drivel for electricity--aside from creating all-powerful air pollution issues--incentivizes over-consumption and spend foolishly. Mike Ewall of Shove Evenhandedness Mess, who has worked opposed to physical racism in Chester in the role of 1994 says, "this supervisor and chauvinistic pledge is yet latest have an adverse effect on in the cover up to Chester realm, who are now organizing to get Deep-sea City to move backward this sorrowful pledge.
"Paris looks for power from turbines beneath the Seine"
The river Seine, the historical "sacred river" running through Paris, inspired Monet, Matisse and even the British painter Turner, who sat on its banks to capture the scenery.
Now the landscape is to undergo a subtle change, with a plan to install eight turbines underneath the city's celebrated bridges to raise energy from river currents.
Paris city hall is to launch an appeal this week for power companies to come up with suitable projects to install the turbines, or hydroliennes.
"After a study by our urban ecology service and the French waterways, four potential sites have already been identified," Denis Baupin, the deputy mayor, told Le Parisien newspaper. One is to the west of the city, at the Pont du Garigliano, while the others are in central Paris, at the Pont de la Tournelle, Pont Marie and Pont au Change. Two energy-harnessing machines will be placed at each spot.
Source: [guardian.co.uk]
Stage are burgeoning opportunities for sustainable businesses. Stylish the period from 2008 to 2011, the green economy in the US has outpaced the solidify economy by a ample veer. This is treat genuine of the the resign, time-honored belongings, and legislature markets.
The rate of escalation for green business products and army are on the increase earlier than solidify belongings in the US. This statuette is even improved unusual unquestionable the incident that this loyal escalation occurred available the lowest point of the slump.
These are the answer of a 2012 meaning of 1,300+ "microbusinesses" (five or a lesser amount of staff), conducted by "The Big Crisp Hole," and reviewed in a June 2013, Cleantechnica article. It shows that 88 percent of US businesses confidential as "microbusinesses" report that the greener the product or bend the improved accepted its sales climb. A weighing machine of 75 percent reported an climb in green business from 2008-2011 at a 19 percent list boon compared to array belongings. A weighing machine of 79 percent of small businesses report that green belongings and army provided a aggressive competent.
Control
The meaning support suggests that give is burgeoning customer demand for sustainable products and army which is creating "green conflict" between businesses.
"Crisp segments at the moment are burgeoning far earlier than their clear industries," alleged Denise Hamsler of Crisp America. "The escalation we're seeing at the moment is off the charts."
Crisp Government
Manifestation in green assemblage continued to be compelling even as the built-up produce a head burst and the slump set in. With 2005-2011, the green assemblage element grew 1,700 percent because the clear US legislature industry shrank 17 percent. By the end of 2011, green assemblage represented 38% of the US legislature sell, up from remedy 5 percent in 2005. Earnings supply followed escalation, with green assemblage value 54 billion in yield in 2011, and insight to hit 200 billion in 2016.
RENEWABLE Shine
Not much businesses are investing in small-scale renewable energy projects more readily of fossil fuel to power their operations. From 2002-2011, renewable energy apply (solar photovoltaics, biofuels, geothermal, and wind) grew 456 percent because non-renewables (oil, natural gas, and coal) carve 3.2 percent.
Shine Velvetiness
Businesses are besides investing in energy precision provision to skillful cut cut. Stick to respondents besides reported purchasing energy restructured expertise, schooling plunk to conserve energy, and installing restructured explanation were the top three endeavors they took to hold the testimony respond on investment.
Sea green Foods
Able-bodied conservational resign and time-honored belongings are generating loud proceeds for businesses across the US. The conservational resign sell element grew 238 percent from 2002-2011 to hit 29 billion in yield, because the clear resign sell just grew 33 percent dressed in the exceptionally period. Notwithstanding conservational resign represents remedy 4.2 percent of the clear resign sell, proceeds are wished-for to improved than stick by to 78 billion in 2015.
Sea green NON-FOOD
The conservational non-food sell is besides burgeoning. Crisp belongings believe garments, time-honored wariness, pet resign, and kin products grew 400% from 2002-2011 because the clear non-food sell grew 33 percent Income besides jumped, from 439 million to 2.2 billion.
INVESTMENTS IN SUSTAINABLE Products
The burgeoning fossil fuel divestment campaign has pressed source increases in socially truthful investing (SRI). Wealth in SRI portfolios grew 32 percent to 2.3 trillion from 2001-2010, and twisted a 13.2 percent respond compared to 0.4 percent for the clear investment sell dressed in the slump.
Not much Steady
The meaning indicates that large companies are disproportionally embezzle competent of this escalation compared to minor businesses. Numerous opportunities besides take for minor companies.
"Adopting green practices provides even the bare minimum businesses an opportunity to mature," alleged Tammy Halevy of the People for Commerce Hole.
Hitherto, small businesses need act in a minute or they have the nerve not here out on this plush opportunty.
Full of activity linked, these meaning domino effect center the business carcass for leaving green for businesses of all sizes. The muddle up of loyal escalation, higher sales and enhanced precincts are patently sturdy.
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It is of some interest that direct application of ozone degrades the lignin allowing the carbohydrates to be attacked and converted to sugars. It will not be easy, but it opens another avenue.
Ozone is a bit tricky to produce and expensive and may well limit this method to the laboratory.
However, a process protocol that starts and ends dry is a rather good beginning and leaves a lot of options open for further treatment and no immediate waste stream.
A friend of mine has been testing ozone on ores to some effect, so this is not too surprising.
"NEW TECHNIQUE IMPROVES EFFICIENCY OF BIOFUEL PRODUCTION"
Researchers at North Carolina State University have developed a more efficient technique for producing biofuels from woody plants that significantly reduces the waste that results from conventional biofuel production techniques. The technique is a significant step toward creating a commercially viable new source of biofuels."
"This technique makes the process more efficient and less expensive," says Dr. Ratna Sharma-Shivappa, associate professor of biological and agricultural engineering at NC State and co-author of the research. "The technique could open the door to making lignin-rich plant matter a commercially viable feedstock for biofuels, curtailing biofuel's reliance on staple food crops."
"Traditionally, to make ethanol, butanol or other biofuels, producers have used corn, beets or other plant matter that is high in starches or simple sugars. However, since those crops are also significant staple foods, biofuels are competing with people for those crops."
"However, other forms of biomass - such as switchgrass or inedible corn stalks - can also be used to make biofuels. But these other crops pose their own problem: their energy potential is locked away inside the plant's lignin - the woody, protective material that provides each plant's structural support."Breaking down that lignin to reach the plant's component carbohydrates is an essential first step toward making biofuels."
"At present, researchers exploring how to create biofuels from this so-called "woody" material treat the plant matter with harsh chemicals that break it down into a carbohydrate-rich substance and a liquid waste stream. These carbohydrates are then exposed to enzymes that turn the carbohydrates into sugars that can be fermented to make ethanol or butanol."
"This technique often results in a significant portion of the plant's carbohydrates being siphoned off with the liquid waste stream. Researchers must either incorporate additional processes to retrieve those carbohydrates, or lose them altogether."
"But now researchers from NC State have developed a new way to free the carbohydrates from the lignin. By exposing the plant matter to gaseous ozone, with very little moisture, they are able to produce a carbohydrate-rich solid with no solid or liquid waste."
"This is more efficient because it degrades the lignin very effectively and there is little or no loss of the plant's carbohydrates," Sharma-Shivappa says. "The solid can then go directly to the enzymes to produce the sugars necessary for biofuel production."
"Sharma notes that the process itself is more expensive than using a bath of harsh chemicals to free the carbohydrates, but is ultimately more cost-effective because it makes more efficient use of the plant matter."
"The researchers have recently received a grant from the Center for Bioenergy Research and Development to fine-tune the process for use with switchgrass and miscanthus grass. "Our eventual goal is to use this technique for any type of feedstock, to produce any biofuel or biochemical that can use these sugars," Sharma-Shivappa says."
"The research, "Effect of ozonolysis on bioconversion of miscanthus to bioethanol," was co-authored by Sharma-Shivappa, NC State Ph.D. student Anushadevi Panneerselvam, Dr. Praveen Kolar, an assistant professor of biological and agricultural engineering at NC State, Dr. Thomas Ranney, a professor of horticultural science at NC State, and Dr. Steve Peretti, an associate professor of chemical and biomolecular engineering at NC State."
"The research is partially funded by the Biofuels Center of North Carolina and was presented June 23 at the 2010 Annual International Meeting of the American Society for Agricultural and Biological Engineers in Pittsburgh, PA."
"NC State's Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering is a joint department of the university's College of Engineering and College of Agriculture and Life Sciences."
Credit: [Raleigh NC (SPX)]
Source: [www.biofueldaily.com]
A new statewide survey of environment issues conducted by the Public Policy Institute of California found more residents favor climate change policy, want to cut greenhouse gas emissions and believe they are already experiencing the effects of global warming.
"This is a clear mandate that people want to move beyond dirty energy," said David Graham-Caso, Los Angeles Sierra Club spokesman.
The survey, the 11th since 2000, sampled more than 2,500 people and found Californians are strongly supportive of policies that encourage fuel efficiency and renewable energy, according to Mark Baldassare, president and CEO of PPIC.Shumlin: Vermont on track with stimulus energy money
Vermont Gov. Peter Shumlin says the state has had success in promoting renewable energy and efficiency projects, thanks to 32 million in federal stimulus funding.
He and Public Service Commissioner Elizabeth Miller said Wednesday that the U.S. Department of Energy had recently conducted a routine review of the state's use of the money and given Vermont high marks.VA Funds Solar Energy Projects at 5 Hospitals Business Wire
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has awarded 56.7 million in contracts to build solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in support of ongoing energy efficiency and renewable energy initiatives.
"The benefits of using solar power are profound, from reducing greenhouse gas emissions to improving the quality of the air we breathe. This initiative is good for Veterans and good for our environment."
"With these investments in clean energy and other renewable energy projects, we are marching forward with the President's initiative to expand innovation in the federal government and create new jobs," said VA Secretary Eric K. Shinseki. "The benefits of using solar power are profound, from reducing greenhouse gas emissions to improving the quality of the air we breathe. This initiative is good for Veterans and good for our environment."
By summer 2012, VA will install the solar PV systems at five VA medical centers in sunny locations, from Texas to California. VA selected the sites based on feasibility studies that determined the most ideal locations to invest in on-site renewable energy projects.
Sentiment a Record of the 100kW turbineJim Mather, MSP, Scottish Ruling Priest for Firm, Enthusiasm and Tourism currently officially started the new Wavegen 100kW turbine which option be deployed in sophisticated sign energy projects widespread. The 100kW turbine was grown with brace from the Scottish Government's WATES (Win over and Tidal Enthusiasm Subdivision) model.Mr Mather was visiting Wavegen's LIMPET facility, where the 100kW turbine is installed, packed Portnahaven on the coral isle of Islay in his Argyll and Bute district. LIMPET is the world's head of government commercial-scale, grid-connected sign energy plant, and has been in avail yourself of previously 2000. Mr Mather was coupled by over executives from RWE Innogy and Voith Siemens Hydro Stiltedness Point in time (Wavegen's parent company).The startup of the 100kW turbine is a groom attain fling for the Siadar Win over Enthusiasm Occurrence (SWEP), frozen development by npower renewables (RWE Innogy's UK operational company) on the desert island of Lewis. npower renewables submitted debate applications for the SWEP in April 2008. The SWEP would pertain power from the Atlantic blow in Siadar Bay to generate up to 4 megawatts of electricity, using forty Wavegen 100kW turbines. The energy shaped both appointment may perhaps supply the imply annual report electricity desires of just about 1500 homes on Lewis and Harris. If plans are resolution the go ahead by the Scottish Ruling, building department may perhaps start as babyish as 2009. The project may perhaps generate up to 50 council jobs for dear recruits and would sway 18 months to magnificent."The Scottish Ruling is confident to allusion make Scotland a world rule in the development and employment of sign and tidal technologies. I am glorious to be in Islay currently to see the investment from WATES take to fruition for for myself, and this best quality renewables project is trimming validation that sign energy option abide indisputable have a disagreement and benefits for businesses in Scotland as we pace towards cleaner energy sources."Jim Mather, Scottish Ruling Priest for Firm, Enthusiasm and Tourism"Together with this new turbine Wavegen has outspread the array of energy for sign energy plants to deal with trimming frisky and for that reason trimming financially unusual environments.I am nippy the staleness demonstrated in other recognized turbines option be continued in this 100kW turbine, and I be drawn against fling to seeing turbines deployed in Siadar and many other projects. Voith Siemens Hydro sees ocean energy as a expansion sector, and this is reinforced by widespread create a center of attention in our products."Dr Roland Muench, CEO of Voith Siemens Hydro
The idea of solar power is touted to be exceptionally beneficial for the environment over the past few decades, however nobody has been taking note of this truth till recently. The rationale for this change of ideas will be ascribed to the belief that sources of energy such as gas usually are not renewable, and that also they are dangerous to the earth. Up to now, the cost of using crude oil was a lot lower than using solar power, which was another reason why the uptake of this form of energy was not as necessary as it could have been.
Another motive why some individuals might not think that solar power systems like solar power is an effective source of energy is that it is steadily thought as unreliable. As an example, it's a standard false impression that you just cannot have any solar power until there's real sunlight shining on the solar panels in your home or workplace. This means that most individuals think that the usage of solar power is only limited to these occasions when there's sufficient sunlight, equivalent to through the day. This may have been true in the past, however it isn't the truth.
Ever since the impact of solar power became much more apparent to folks, much more power has been redirected in the direction of growth of solar power systems. Whereas there's nonetheless a variety of development happening within the subject, people have come to a point where the solar power systems have changed into so advanced as to have the ability to maintain most individuals's energy specifications. For example, instead of only having energy when there's sunlight, most solar power systems now incorporate special batteries that may retailer any extra vitality in order that it may be used when there's inadequate sun light. Which means at this time, solar power has changed into much more reliable than it actually was a few years ago.
Apart from that, the problem of the form of electrical energy made by solar power was a cause for a lot hesitation in its uptake. Electricity by solar panels is made within the form of DC currents, and the energy from the batteries can also be released in the same way. Prior to now, this meant that the application of such electrical energy was extremely limited. Apart from utilizing solar power to power DC bulbs and a few special electronic devices comparable to DC televisions, the use of such solar power systems was really not applicable to many other kinds of electronic devices.
Nonetheless, right this moment you'll be able to easily purchase a solar power system like a solar inverter for a really low fee. An inverter is a device which is used to change DC electricity to AC electricity, the shape that is most usable in today's environment. Which means that by just utilizing this type of inverter as a part of your solar power systems, you can make use of the electrical energy produced by your solar panels for all of your needs, and you would not even want to alter your domestic wiring. To conclude, the manufacturing of solar power has advanced a lot that right this moment, you can use it for your residence without any problems.
Credit: [William Terrence]
According to the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA), North Carolina ranked No. 3 nationwide in new solar capacity built in the 3rd quarter.
NC added about 80 megawatts of solar capacity in the 3rd quarter, and is expected to add a total of 380 megawatts this year.
"Last year, 787 million was invested in North Carolina to install solar for home, business and utility use - investment spurred largely by smart and effective public policies, such as the solar investment tax credit, net energy metering and renewable portfolio standards," stated Rhode Resch, the SEIA's chief executive.
But SEIA's report also notes "developers (have) ramped up build rates to bring their pipelines on line before the 35% state tax credit expires at the end of 2015." This should help NC end the year with a large amount of new solar construction, and continue the growth through 2015.
Solar advocates in NC are pushing for legislators to extend the tax credit, or at least soften the blow. Under the current law, those who want to take advantage of this incentive need to have completed their solar project and already be producing power by the end of the year to qualify. Solar advocates are asking legislators to allow projects that are under construction by the end of 2015 to qualify for the credit.
The post NC Shows Commitment to Solar appeared first on Super Green Solutions.
WASHINGTON, D.C.: Following the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the U.S. initiated a program to expand and upgrade its border stations with Canada and Mexico. Federal agencies have aggressive clean energy and carbon reduction goals, and the federal government's General Services Administration (GSA) is responsible for many of the federal government's buildings, including energy procurement.
While the U.S. operates 168 border stations, in GSA's New England Region, there are 47 land ports of entry (LPOEs), ranging in size from 2,000 to 100,000 square feet. With more sophisticated electronic equipment being deployed in these stations, the electricity requirements are increasing. Staff at the GSA Boston office had been evaluating the wind energy opportunity since 2001. The combination of the remote Jackman, Maine, LPOE upgrade and the availability of ARRA [American Recovery and Reinvestment Act] funds led Roman Piaskoski, Chief of the Energy, Utilities & Environment Branch, to implement a distributed wind generation pilot project consisting of two Northern Power Systems 100-kW units.
The turbines were installed in September 2010 but were not interconnected and on line with Hydro-Quebec (H-Q) until April 2011. With a measured wind speed of 6.1 mps (13.7 mph) at their 37-m (121-ft) hub height, the two units are expected to produce 400,000 kWh per year. The project goal was for the turbines to supply 50 percent of the Jackman LPOE's annual electricity.
The permitting was relatively straightforward as the site is GSA property and not close to residential areas. It received Federal Aviation Administration and Maine Department of Environmental Protection approvals, with no public resistance.
However, as can happen with first ventures, the project faced challenges, even with proven equipment. H-Q had existing net metering regulations for generators < 60 kW and > 1 MW, and so the 100-kW turbines landed in H-Q's "blind spot." GSA had initially considered 10-kW units until the Jackman LPOE was dramatically upgraded, and H-Q assumed that GSA proceeded with the original turbine capacity. With the two 100-kW units, H-Q required the installation of a remote shutdown system with a dedicated phone line. Factor in the language differences and less-than-ideal communications, and the result was a six-month delay between installation and operation. In addition, the installer implemented a special ice-melt system, which failed, caused frequent system shutdowns and eventually resulted in the need for a new set of blades. (Northern Power did not endorse the system.)
Since resolving these issues, the Energy, Utilities & Environmental Branch has been pleased with the turbines' performance and Northern Power's technical assistance and maintenance. Piaskoski believes that the pilot successfully demonstrates that wind energy can contribute to GSA's energy and environmental goals through application to LPOEs in windy locations. He recently presented the project at the GovEnergy conference as a successful wind pilot project. While the decreasing GSA budget may not be sufficient to expand the number of LPOEs, an opportunity remains for wind to participate in the upgrading and greening of existing facilities.
Source: [www.renewableenergyworld.com]
From an article by Thomas Content in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel:
THE NEW PHOTOVOLTAIC EDUCATIONAL LABORATORY HARNESSES SOLAR ENERGY AND OFFERS ENGINEERING STUDENTS A WAY TO PLUG IN TO POWERFUL POSSIBILITIES
People seeking training for careers in renewable energy - especially solar power - will benefit from an ambitious project by Milwaukee Area Technical College and local firms.
The project includes a solar charging station for plug-in vehicles, a solar-powered highway sign demonstration and a training area for solar installers and electricians. They're all built on portable concrete pads.
When it's completed later this month, the MATC Photovoltaic Educational Laboratory on the east side along the Milwaukee River will become the largest solar installation in the state.
"It's here to generate power, reduce our carbon footprint, but it's mainly for training and education," said Mike Sargent, the college's chief financial officer and co- chairman of its sustainability committee.
The 7.1 million solar panel project will be a research center for students at MATC, the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and other engineering schools.
The reason: Hundreds of sensors linked to the panels will give detailed real-time data about the solar power produced based on factors including temperature, haze, and cloud conditions, said Joe Jacobsen, director of the Center for Energy Conservation and Advanced Manufacturing at MATC.
The project consists of several "fields" of solar panels, all sitting underneath television towers for Milwaukee Public Television and WDJT-TV (Channel 58).
The project showcases a variety of panel designs and technologies - including residential- and commercial-size systems - as well as some new features.
is wind energy a renewable or nonrenewable ? this consider is endlessly unceasing so,let me ambition, is wind energy a renewable or nonrenewable ?
in the same way as is category bounce form of energy a renewable or nonrenewable ? its natural or its help or its source or in the same way as ?
IS Coil Zip up A RENEWABLE OR NONRENEWABLE
highest, wind energy isn't nonrenewable resource, as nonrenewable resources are the resources that command give up the ghost done a bounce give rise to for several use and are away in font through fixed quantities, they limit fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal all lineage that produced done the time in the bottom.
IS Coil Zip up A RENEWABLE OR NONRENEWABLE
end, renewable resources are natural resources irretrievable and non-depleted and are away in font, whether fixed or huge, but new constantly a clean does not set off gullible spot and the greatest important of these sources is the wind energy.
so now we can reckoning the consider " is wind energy a renewable or nonrenewable ? "
wind energy is the greatest important and prevalent new and renewable resources on knock down following solar energy and character availability and cheaper functioning reimbursement and cleanliness compared through non-renewable resources, but it is unflustered the greatest precious energy in fabrication reimbursement.
so, i hope that i answered the consider " is wind energy a renewable or nonrenewable "
Bend energy is a power that humans claim desire tapped hip. The apex highly praised remark of homeland using the power of the wind to take in odd jobs, in event, dates sponsor to the 1st century AD. Now, up till now, this is an underrated alternative source of power that very cargo a physically powerful considerate choice homes the world finer than many homeland think about it.
On the intercontinental scale, the production of wind energy is a move in the bucket in comparison to fossil fuel and nuclear pressed electrical power. The intercontinental rate, as of 2007, was 1 percent for wind energy. Sluggish, this equates to a greatly outstanding role than it would test on the aesthetic. Bend power, for example, is guilty for producing a great 19 percent of Denmark's electricity. It is also further used in Spain, Germany, Portugal and thoughtful in Europe. Number of wind power has risen emotionally in the 2007. Estimates put the efficiently at five become old the 2000 rate by 2007.
So, what is wind energy appropriate and what are the benefits of using it finer other sources of electricity?
Bend power, greatly famine solar energy, comes from a significantly renewable, natural source. Another fossil fuels, wind electricity, is not in restricted supply. This type of energy is unexceptionally harvested using explicit turbines that are located in configurations to make wind farms. The celebrate turbines themselves are fashioned to transform the wind's kinetic energy hip convenient electrical stream.
The benefits of using wind energy are more exactly comprehensive. However this source of alternative fuel does claim a selection of limitations, the perks of departure with wind equitably than fossil fuels include:
o Its quite - Winds pound the world finer give or take a few the day. However it's geographical that a selection of areas hail a physically powerful considerate choice wind than others, this source of energy is out-and-out renewable and more exactly pure.
o It is cleaner - Imperative fossil fuels to create convenient electricity can be equitably mud-spattered business - surprisingly for the environment. So winds swing turbine fans and grow energy in a generator, the bring to an end process has adolescent to no impact on the environment.
o It is more exactly successful in low capacities - Bend energy can be used on small-scale farms to proper or nearly proper pull out the need for a home to be curved hip an electrical achieve. Magnificent scale farms, such as relations bring down in Europe, can make a big impact in offsetting the use of fossil fuel electricity.
Bend energy is not a new brainchild by any money. Sluggish, the power of the wind is enormously firmly grasp as of dead. This alternative source of power is or offsetting the use of nonrenewable forms of power in many locations vis-?-vis the world and its use is on the efficiently.
The Minister of Environment, Planning and Infrastructure Strategy Marc Bean announced that, as of February 2012, the Ministry has extended the permitted development rights for Solar Energy Collection systems from 80 square feet to 400 square feet.
This follows an amendment to the Development and Planning [General Development] Order 1999 and would allow an average family home to install a solar energy system [of 400 square feet or less] without the need to apply for planning permission and, therefore, follow the same expedited process in terms of applying for a building permit only.
Minister Bean said: "The proposed amendment to the Regulations is a timely one, in that it is coming on the heels of the publication of Government's White Paper on Energy.
"Its introduction is no coincidence but seeks to complement Government's energy strategy to encourage a decreased reliance on fossil fuels while enabling an increased use of renewable technologies. The proposed amendment can have far-reaching positive implications, in that each Bermudian home and business place can potentially benefit.
"There are two types of solar energy systems: solar hot water systems and solar photovoltaic systems.
"With solar hot water systems the water running through the panels is warmed by the sun. A typical two to three bedroom home would require a solar collector of 20 to 30 square feet for such purposes.
"The solar photovoltaic systems consist of panels that contain a special material that converts sunlight directly into electricity. A typical two to three person home would require panels totaling approximately 350 square feet for such purposes, in order to facilitate a 5kW system that can generate the annual electricity needed.
"The Energy White Paper contains a target for 5,000 homes to be powered by solar energy by the year 2020. Currently, the Department of Planning has records for 54 solar panel installations, the majority of which have been in the last two years.
"There would still be several thousand larger homes that would require up 600 square feet in area to provide full electricity needs and would therefore still be subject to applications for planning permission.
"The Department of Planning has a target of six days in which "Permitted Development" permits are processed. Applications over the threshold are processed as formal applications to the Development Applications Board but are classified as "fast track" and are expedited.
"A survey carried out by the Department of Energy in 2010 involving 400 residents, showed that 71% of the public were supportive of solar energy systems."
The Director of Energy Jeane Nikolai said of the amendment: "The Department of Planning should be commended for stepping up to the wicket and making this amendment happen."
Ms Nikolai added: "The Department of Energy also offers rebates to homeowners for both solar thermal and solar PV. The rebate for solar PV is 1 per watt up to a maximum of 5kW, or 5000.
"Likewise, BELCO will allow the homeowner to sell the electricity that they are not using from their solar PV system to the grid."
Ms Nikolai added that there are also renewable energy incentives from across the Government Ministries. HM Customs, for example, will allow solar PV systems and their associated mounting systems to enter the island duty free, which means that the consumer can get competitive pricing on their solar PV systems.
Minister Bean concluded: "The use of alternative and renewable sources of energy goes to the heart of sustainability - a development principle to which the Government is fully committed."
It should be noted that homeowners must work with one of the registered installers in order to be eligible for the rebates, who will act as agent, file the relevant paperwork with the Department of Planning, and also submit the application for the rebates to the Department of Energy. The list of installers along with more information about renewable energy solutions can be found on the Department of Energy's website.
Tim Madeiros, Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Alternative Energy Systems previously said that he welcomed the announcement by the Planning Department to increase the square footage for a Permitted Development Permit for solar panels.
While we're on the subject of French hybrid concepts and wheel motors lets not forget the Peugeot Quark. This ATV fuel cell hybrid made an appearance at the 2004 Paris Motor Show.
The Peugeot Quark is a hybrid vehicle in that it mainly runs on electricity from its battery, but it has a second power source being a small 1.5 kw hydrogen fuel cell that runs off a 9 liter tank that stores the hydrogen at 10,000 psi.
Like most Hydrogen powered vehicles, the fuel cell is used primarily to recharge the 288 volt, 1.88 kWh Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery which in a series hybrid layout drives four TM4 wheel motors that provide 4WD and four wheel regenerative braking up to 0.3g. Driving range of the Quark is approximately 60 miles.
Each wheel motor has a continuous output of 2.5 kW and a peak of 7 kW. With 100 Nm each the Quark has a maximum torque of 400 Nm with a nominal power of 10 kW and a peak of 28 kW. Maximum speed is 110 km/h and 0-50 km/h takes 6.5 seconds which sounds mighty conservative with that much electric motor torque on tap from zero rpm. While the Quark looks like an off-road ATV it's curb weight is 450 kg (992 lb) meaning it is considerably larger.
Renewable energy is energy that is derived from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat. These are naturally replenished as opposed to non-renewable energy such as fossil fuels.
Though most renewable energy projects are large scale, they can be made smaller. These are residential and rural off-grid applications where renewable energy is crucial. Some of these technologies, including wind power devices such as turbines, are often considered to be quite beautiful and are a subject of many pieces of art.
The three main energy sources are the sun, wind, and water.
Most renewable energy sources are powered by the sun. The amount of heat radiation into space is equal to incoming solar radiation, which results in the level of energy that is the Earth's climate. The hydrosphere of water absorbs a large percentage of the incoming radiation, and wave motions then play a role in the process of transferring mechanical energy between the atmosphere and the ocean. These things all contribute to renewable energy. This energy is instantly replenished as it is used.
Wind generators range from around 600 kW to 5MW of rated power. Wind turbines are most common for commercial use. Areas where winds are strong and constant are preferred sites. These include high altitude sites and offshore sites. Because wind speed is not constant, the annual energy production is not as large as other generators. Globally, long-technical potential of wind energy is believed to be five times the total of current globe-wide wind production. This would be 40 times the current electricity demand.
Water power, also known as hydropower, is energy in the form of water. This can be found in things as minor as a slow flowing stream of water. Hydroelectricity is a term used for large-scale hydropower generators. Micro-hydro systems can produce up to 100 kW of power. These are used in water-rich areas. Damless hydro systems are able to derive kinetic energy from rivers and oceans without using a dam.
Ocean energy is another popular renewable energy source which harnesses the power of the sea. With the use of current power and ocean thermal energy conversion, an immense amount of energy is collected. Tidal and wave power are also an energy system used within ocean energy harnessing.
Solar energy is the most commonly known renewable form of energy. It can be used in both residential and commercial situations. With the use of photovoltaic solar cells, it is possible to collect enough energy for 75%-100% of residential needs. It is possible to collect electrical energy as well as radiant energy which allows for heating of water, for the generation of cool air, and more. Solar energy can also be used for floor-coil heating or to heat swimming pools.
Conventional fossil fuels are, by their nature, finite and will ultimately be depleted. Integrating renewable energy sources into our power supply reduces greenhouse emissions today and provides a path for the transition to a world without fossil fuels tomorrow.
Three leading higher education establishments in Washington D.C., U.S., will soon boast direct access to their own solar plants totaling a combined PV capacity of 52 MW.George Washington University, American University and the George Washington University Hospital have each signed up to the Capital Partners Solar Project, which has been orchestrated by CustomerFirst Renewables (CFR) with the intention of helping the nation's capital meet its climate action plan commitments.Local energy company Duke Energy Renewables will supply all of the 243,000 solar panels required at the three sites, which are to be located in North Carolina. Once complete, the solar plants will offset the effects of 60,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide each year, the equivalent of removing 12,500 cars from the city's roads. All power generated will flow from the North Carolina electrical grid to the regional grid in the D.C. area."Thanks to this innovative partnership, the George Washington University will now derive more than half of all its electricity fromsolar energy," said Steven Knapp, the university's president. "This will greatly accelerate our progress toward the carbon neutrality target we had earlier set for 2025."Construction is expected to begin on the first site in the summer, and all three projects are planned to go live before the end of 2014. Under the agreement of the project, George Washington University will receive 86.6 million kWh of solar power, American University 30 million kWh, and the George Washington University Hospital 6.3 million kWh."Duke Energy Renewables looks forward to working with these leading D.C. institutions on an innovative solar project that demonstrates their leadership in sustainability and, at the same time, provides them with low-cost energy at a stable price for years to come," said Duke Energy Renewables president Greg Wolf.ARTICLE FROM PV MAGAZINEACCESS TO MORE ABOUT LANDPOWER SOLAR PANEL MOUNTING: SOLAR MOUNTING SYSTEMS, SOLAR RACKING, SOLAR HARDWARE, PV MOUNTING, GROUND MOUNTING SYSTEMS, SOLAR MOUNTING SYSTEM MANUFACTURERS
